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KIRK CLIS'S A, or Kirklee'san, a town of European 
Turkey, in the province of Romania. This place was 
formerly called TeJ/araconta Ecclefia, or Forty Churches; 
at prefent it has neither walls nor churches, and but few 
Chriftian inhabitants. Many jews dwell here, whole 
chief employment is in making butter and cheefe, for 
which they find a ready market among their friends at 
Conftantinople: thirty miles call of Adrianople, and ioo 
north-weft of Conftantinople. 
KIRK CON'NEL, a village of Scotland, in the county 
of Dumfries, on the Firth. In 1484, a battle was fought 
here between a party under the conduft of the duke of 
Albany and the earl of Douglas, and the troops of James 
III. in which the latter were vidorious. The duke fled 
to England, and the earl, being taken prifoner, was con¬ 
fined for life in the caftle of Liudor.es: fix miles fouth of 
Dumfries. 
KIRK JUR'BY, a village in the Ifie of Man, between 
Kirk Michael and Ramfey, about four miles north-eaft 
from the former, and containing 713 inhabitants. The 
church-yard is on high ground, and affords a good view 
of England, Scotland, and Ireland. It includes a barrow, 
devoted once more to its former ufe. This parifh con¬ 
tains feveral other barrows, and much bog-land interfered 
by the Curragh drain. 
KIRK MAROVV'N, an inland village and parifh in 
the Ifle of Man. The parifh is interfered by the road 
from Douglas to St. John’s. Population, 841. The church 
is fituated on its fouthern fide, five miles from Douglas 
and fix from Peel. The road is very pleafant; and one 
part of it is over a riling ground, called Lhiaghty Kinny, 
the Grave of Kinny, who is laid to have attempted, for 
a trifling wager, to run naked, on a very fnowy winter’s 
day, from Douglas to Bifhop’s-court and back, and who, 
on returning, fell down dead on this fpot. As the caufes 
•which bring ftrangers to fettle in this ifland are pretty 
well known, the friends of an Irifhman who died here 
have placed the following epitaph over his grave in Ma- 
rown church-yard : 
No debts, no laws, obliged him to fly 
From the dear land of his nativity. 
Nearly oppofite the entrance to Kirk Marown are the 
■walls of Old Kirk, formerly called St. Trinion’s, faid to 
have been ereded in confequence of a vow made by a 
fhip-vvrecked perfon. The prefent ruinous ftate of the 
building is afcribed to the malice of fome unlucky demons, 
who, for want of better employment, amufed themfelves 
with throwing off the roof. A great quantity of Adian- 
tum, or maiden-hair, grows about the walls. 
KIRK MI'CHAEL, a pleafant village in the Me of 
Man, with a church dedicated to the archangel. Oppo¬ 
fite the entrance of the church-yard (lands upright, form¬ 
ing the centre of a liorfe-blcck, a piece of clay-flate, (e- 
ven feet high, eighteen inches wide, and between four 
and five inches thick. On the fide furtheft from the 
church is engraved a crofs, its length being nearly equal 
to that of the ftone. On each fide of it are various de¬ 
vices of horfes and riders, and of (tags being feized by 
dogs. The other fide, more defaced, is fomewhat differ¬ 
ent, but partakes of the fame character. On the upper 
part of one edge of the ftone, and on the right hand, is 
the figure of a warrior with his fpear and fliield, and be¬ 
tween his legs a crofs. On the fame edge are Runic cha¬ 
racters. To (how the reader hoW little certain knowledge 
he can obtain on fuch fubjeds, we (hall infert the differ¬ 
ent tranfiation of them by two antiquarians. “ Watter, 
fon of Thurulf, a knight right valiant, lord of Frithu, 
the father, Jefus Chrift.” jShn Prejhuich, bart. “ For the 
fins of Ivaliir, the fon of Dural, this crofs was ereded by 
his mother Aftride.” Air. Bcauford. The population of 
this parifh, in the year 1792, was 1003. Woods's IJle of 
Man. 
KIRK'-NOTE, or Kirk-mote, f. A meeting of pa- 
s'ifliioners on l’ome affair relative to the church. 
KIR 
KIRK-OFIFICER, J. The beadle of a church irj 
Scotland. 
KIRK OS'WALD, a market-town in Cumberland, fo 
called from St. Qfwald, to whom the church is dedicated, 
is fituated on the eaft fide of the river Eden, being eight 
miles from Penrith, fixteen from Carlifle, twelve from 
Allton, and two hundred and ninety-one from London. 
Here is a fmall market on Thurfdays, for which a grant 
was obtained fo early as the fecond year of king John, at 
which time the caftle was much improved by fir Hugh 
Morvil, fo that it mull of courfe be a,very ancient ftruc- 
ture; it now, together with the demefne-lands, belongs 
to fir P. C. Mufgrave, bart. of Eden-liall. The fairs a?e 
the Thurfday before Whit-Sunday, and Auguft 5. The 
church is a very irregular old building; and the belfry is 
placed diftant from the church, on the top of a hill, to¬ 
wards the eaft, that the found of the bells might be more 
eafily heard by the circumjacent villages. Here is a fpring 
which iftues from the weft end of the church, fuppofed 
to have been the motive for its being founded in this place ; 
as miraculous virtues were afcribed to the waters. Here 
is a diflenting meeting-lioufe ; and a charity-fchool at 
Highbank in this parifh. Anciently here was a college, 
which is now a noble manfion-houfe, the property of fir 
Henry Featherftonaugh, bart. 
Near Kirk-Ofwald, in a fequeftered vale, (Lands Nun¬ 
nery, a feat belonging to the family of Aglionby ; here 
was a fmall houfe of Benedidine nuns, founded by Wil¬ 
liam Rufus. 
KIRK OS'WALD, a town of Scotland, in the county 
of Ayr: eight miles fouth of Ayr. 
KIRK SES'SIONSjjfi A petty ecclefiaftical fellions in 
Scotland. 
KIR'KA, a river in Dalmatia, which runs between Se- 
benico and Scardona. L. F. Caflas, in his Tour through 
Iftria and Dalmatia, has defcribed and figured one of the 
cafcades on this river, the magnificence of which is only 
furpaffed by the Falls of Niagara in North America, and 
perhaps even tliefe do not exceed it in beauty. Our tra¬ 
veller could not trace this river, on which there are five 
cafcades, to its fource; but that which he beheld and de- 
figned is the mod: noble and ftriking. We (hall tran- 
fcribe the author’s florid defcription, which may aflift our 
readers to (ketch the fcene in imagination. “As the nar¬ 
row valley, through which the Kirka flows, links diago¬ 
nally to the right, the mountains, which hem in the two 
(bores, appear to unite behind the cafcade, farming one 
half-circle, to ferve as a bafe to the vaft theatre of this 
hydraulic fcene. The tufted flirubs, the willows, and the 
poplars, embellilhing the fore-ground, and (hooting up 
on the banks or terraces which run parallel with the edges 
of the rocks over which the waters of the cafcade are pre¬ 
cipitated, prevent the eye from perceiving the courfe of 
the river before it reaches the fall; though this is pointed 
out by the gradation of colours and tints of variegated, 
light, or rather by a fpecies of refulgent vapour which 
the tranfparency of the water, refleding t£.e celeftial blue, 
throws horizontally on the bottom of the mountains. 
Beyond the dazzling verdure of thefe trees and flirubs, 
grouped with elegance and fcattered in profufion on 
the immenfe and rugged (loping banks which crofs the 
valley throughout its .vaft extent, we fee enormous hills 
piled on each other; whofe unequal furface, barrennefs,. 
and naked bluenefs, exhibit a fublime contrail to the vi¬ 
gorous and brilliant verdure in the front of the pidure. 
Towards the left of this glacis, and on the moll elevated 
of its rocks, genuine devotion has raifed the folitary roof 
of a fmall and humble oratory. The afped of this little 
chapel is calculated to infpire the heart of a philofopher 
with fentiments of true piety; fince this is a place fo well 
calculated for man to adore the God of the univerfe. The 
great phenomena of nature are the firft apollles which 
were appointed to proclaim the Divinity. It was not the 
hand of man which aflifted this river to funnount the 
rocks that feem to confpije to oppofe its current. Art, 
