K I R 
rife; and after purfuing a fouth-eaft courfe, in which they 
pais through a great extent of country, empty themfelves 
into the Humber. 
The parilh of Kirkby Stephen is divided into ten town- 
fhips, each of which maintains its poor fe'parately, and 
the population of which, in 1801, was as follows: Kirk¬ 
by Stephen, 1141 ; Hartley, 139; Winton, 26a; Whar¬ 
ton, 80 j Nateby, 108; Mallerftang, 314; Soulby, 237; 
Kaber, 135; Waitby, 605 Smardale, 39. Total in the 
parilh, 2515. 
Hartley was noted for its caftle, once a noble build¬ 
ing, which ftood on an eminence, overlooking the village; 
now little remains' but the ruins of part of the walls. 
There have been lead-mines near it, as well as coals, but 
not worth working. 
Winton is a draggling village, in which is a fchool en¬ 
dowed with lands, and with an annuity paid by Thomas 
Munkhoufe, efq. whofe anceftors bequeathed toirthe fum 
of one hundred pounds, and in whom the nomination of 
a mailer is veiled. The inhabitants pay, for having their 
children taught Englilh and Latin., two (hillings; for writ¬ 
ing, three (hillings ; and for arithmetic, four (hillings, per 
quarter. Such, however, is the difficulty of procuring 
matters, and fo great has become the neceffity of increaf- 
ing their dipends, that this fchool has been for fome time 
without a teacher, owing to the fmallnefs of the falary. 
Wharton lies to the Couth of Kirkby Stephen, near the 
river Eden. The lands at Wharton-hall, which belong 
to vifcount Lowther, cannot be excelled for grazing in 
any part of Weltmoreland. 
At Nateby is a chapel of eafe for Kirkby Stephen, and 
a meeting-houfe for dilfenters. 
At Mallerftang, to the Couth, is a chapel of eafe to 
Kirkby Stephen. Here is a caftle, faid to have been built 
in the time of Vortigern king of Britain, and called Pen- 
dragon-caftle. It was anciently the feat of the lords Clif¬ 
ford; which in its prime was a (trong building, the walls 
being four yards thick, with battlements upon them ; 
time and negleCt of the owners have brought it to be lit¬ 
tle better than a heap of ruins. The remains of a fquare 
tower only are left, and that moft probably of modern 
date ; for this place was repaired, after it had laid in ruins 
near three centuries, by the countefs of Pembroke, about 
the time (lie (in 1660) reftored Brough. The fituation of 
this place, being in a deep dell, on every hand overlooked 
by mountains, from whence it might be annoyed, (hows it 
never could be built as a place of ftrength, but rather as 
a retreat and place of concealment in times of danger. 
Oppofite to this place, on the other fide of the dell, is a 
fmall intrenchment, fortified by a ditch and vallum, but 
of what date or people no account can be obtained. The 
prince Enter Pendragon is of a doubtful exiftence, but is 
faid to have died by treachery, and poifon put into a well, 
in the year 5x5. Over the porch of the chapel of Maller¬ 
ftang is the following infcription : “This chapel of Mal¬ 
lerftang, after it had laid ruinous and decayed fome fifty 
or fixty years, was newly repaired by the Lady Anne Clif¬ 
ford, Countifl’e Dowager of Pembroke, Doriett, and Mont¬ 
gomery, in the year 1663; who alfo endowed the fame 
with lands which (lie purchafed in Cawtley, near Sedberg, 
to the yearly value of eleven pounds for ever.” This 
ellate was given for the purpofe of maintaining a perfon 
qualified to read the prayers and homilies of the church 
of England, and to teach the children of Mallerftang to 
read and write Engliffi. The chapel and fchool are both 
under one roof. Queen Anne’s bounty has been repeat¬ 
edly procured to this chapel, which is at this time worth 
about eighty pounds per annum. 
The chapel of Soulby was built in 1663, by fir Philip 
Mufgrave, bart. lord of the manors of Soulby and Hart¬ 
ley ; and was confecrated by biffiop Stern in the fame 
year. The right of prefentation to this chapel belongs to 
the Mufgrave family, who, by agreement, are to repair it 
when neceffary. It is now of the annual value of fixty 
pounds, arifing from lands, of which a part was given by 
VOL. XI. No. 793, 
K I R -.7 Gi 
the patron and founder, and the red were purchafed by 
queen Anne’s bounty. 
Kaber is a fmall fchool, endowed by one Thomas Wal¬ 
ler, with the fum of eight pounds per annum, and the fa¬ 
lary of which, at this time, is about eleven or twelve 
pounds per annum. At Waitby is a fchool built in 1630, 
by James Highmore, clothworker, in London, a native of 
this place, and who founded this feminary for the benefit 
of the inhabitants of Waitby and Smardale. For that 
purpofe, and for the ufe of the poor widows of thofe places, 
he gave the fum of four hundred pounds, with which 
land was purchafed in Cawtley. The ltipend of the fchool 
amounts at prefent to about twenty-fevcn pounds per an¬ 
num. Monthly Mag. 
KIRKBY THO'RE, a town of Wedmoreland, on the 
river Eden, north-weft of Appleby, 267 miles from Lon¬ 
don. A horn of a rnoofe-deer was found here a few years 
fince, at the depth of four feet from the fur,face of the 
earth; and feveral other antiquities have been dug up or 
taken out of a well difcovered at the end of the town near 
the bridge. Below it are the vail ruins of an ancient 
town, where Roman coins and urns are frequently dug 
up. The people cal) it Whely-caftle; it is 300 yards in 
length, and 150 in breadth, with three entrances on each 
fide, with bulwarks before them. At a little diftance from 
thence Roman urns are found, containing bones and allies. 
The old military way runs through it, called the Maiden¬ 
way, becaufe it began- at Maiden-caftie in Stainmore, in 
the North Riding of Yorklhire. 
KIRKCAI 7 DY, a feaport town of Scotland, in the 
county of Fife, on the north coaft of the Frith of Forth, 
with a dock-yard for building fmall veffels. It was erect¬ 
ed into a royal burgh in the 15th century, which charter 
was ratified by Charles I. in 1644 ; and is governed by a 
provoll, bailies, and council, at which time it is faid that 
100 fail of (hips belonged to the port. In 1760, there 
were no more than one coafter of 50 tons, and two ferry¬ 
boats, each of 30. In 1772, there were 11 veffels, carrying 
515 tons and 49 men ; and, at the clofe of the American 
war, 12 veffels, carrying 750 tons and 59 men. At this 
time there are 26 fquare-rigged veffels, one (loop, and two 
ferry-boats, carrying 3700 tons and 225 men. Some of 
thefe trade to the Weft Indies, America, and the Medi¬ 
terranean ; others to the Baltic and Holland. The chief 
article of export is coals; the importation conlifts of corn, 
flax, (lax-feed, linen-yarn, wood, iron,aihes, tallow, bark, 
hides, &c. The duties payable on exports and imports 
in all the towns on the north fide of the Frith from Aber¬ 
deen to Largo are under the management of the cuftom- 
houfe at Kirkcaldy. Here are fome confiderable manu¬ 
factures of linen, fuch as ftriped Holland, checks, and 
ticks, in which about 250 looms are employed in this 
town and parifh. Here is likewife a large tannery, and 
lotne cotton-fpinning ; and (bine looms for the makingof 
ltockings. Kirkcaldy is united with Dyfart, Kinghorn, 
and Burntifland, in electing a member to ferve in parlia¬ 
ment. In 1801, the number of inhabitants was 3248, of 
whom 700 were employed in trade and manufactures : 
twentv-feven miles fouth of Perth, and thirteen north of 
Edinburgh. Lat. 56. 7. N. Ion. 3.9. W. 
KIRKCUDBRIGHT, a feaport town of Scotland, and 
capital of a county to which it gives name, fituated on the 
river Dee, near its mouth : the harbour is lafe, with good 
anchorage, and fheltered from all winds; but, beinga tide- 
harbour, is only fit for. veffels which can take the ground. 
At the mouth is a fmall ifland called Little Rofs: about 
200 or 300 yards north-eaft of this iiland lies the proper 
road for veffels to anchor, where they ride in perfeCt 
fafety ; the wind fets in violently from fouth-wed by 
fouth to foutb-ead. In this road the depth at low water 
is fixteen feet, and forty at high water. It is the head 
borough of the dewartry, where the courts of juftice are 
held, and the public records kept. It was anciently a 
burgh of regality, and held of the Douglalles, lords of 
Galloway, as fupertors, On the forfeiture of the earl of 
9 H Douglas, 
