778 K L O 
man of this writer awaked a fpirit of Ample nervous fong, 
far loftier than that which animates the chorus-dramas of 
antiquity. The Samfon of Milton attains not thefc mo¬ 
dels. When mulic lhall acquire among us the higheft 
powers of her art, whofe words will die feleft to utter but 
thofe of Kiopftock-?” Herder's Briefe zur Befordcrung dcr 
Humanitat. Monthly Review , vol. xxii. xxiii. xlvi. lxiv. Sho- 
berl's Memoirs prefixed to the tranjlation of the MeJJiak." 
KLOS'TERCHEN, a town of Prulfia, in the province 
of Oberland : eight miles fouth-eaft of Marienwerder. 
KLOSTERSEV'EN. See Closter Seven, vol. iv. 
KLO'TEN, a town of Swifferland, in the canton of 
Zurich, where the archduke Charles had his head-quarters 
a Ihort time in 1799 : five miles north of Zurich. 
KLOTZ (Chriltian Adolphus), an eminent German 
critic and claflical fcholar, was born in the year 1738 at 
Bifchofswerden, not far from Drefden, where his father 
was a clergyman. At a very early period he difplayed 
fuch an attachment to letters, that his parents fpared no 
expence to gratify his tafle and to enable him to cultivate 
his talents to the belt advantage. He applied in particu¬ 
lar to the lludy of his vernacular tongue, and employed 
thofe leifure hours which others devoted to amufement in 
compofing and reciting German verfes. After acquiring 
the rudiments of learning, he was removed to Gorlitz, 
•where he ftudied, under Baumgarten, the Greek and Ro¬ 
man dallies. He made great progrefs alfo in Latin verfi- 
fication, and gave a very favourable fpecimen of his ta¬ 
lents in this way, in a poem which he compofed on the 
deftrudion of Zittau, which was laid walte in the year 
1757. He wrote alfo, before he quitted Gorlitz, a fmall 
treatife, in which he undertook the defence of Curio 
againlt Plutarch and Dio Caflius. In the year 1758 he 
proceeded to Leipfic to ftudy jurifprudence, and there 
Wrote a fmall work entitled Epijlola ad Virum dodum et hu- 
manijfvnum I. C. Rickelium de quibvfdam ad Homerum pertinen- 
tibus. While at Leipfic, he took a lhare in the Ada Eru- 
ditorum, and wrote two fatirical pieces, Mores Eruditorum, 
and Genius Seculi, both publifhed at Altenburg in 1760 ; 
in one of which he ridicules the prevailing talte for com¬ 
prehending the whole circle of the fciences in didionaries, 
and the pradice in univerfities of reducing learning un¬ 
der certain heads and claffes, according to general rules. 
He then returned to the mules, the favourites of his ear- 
lieft years, and publifned his Opufcula Poetica, at Alten¬ 
burg, in 1761, containing twenty-three odes, three fatires, 
and as many elegies. Thefe he confidered as the laft pro- 
dudions of his mufe, and he accordingly took leave of 
the nine in fome elegant verfes. He had fcarcely been 
three years at Leipfic, when he was attacked by illnefs, 
which induced him to return home. After the winter he 
repaired to Jena; and, foon after his arrival there, he was 
eleded by the Latin fociety to be their fecretary, and en¬ 
tered on his new office with an oration in defence of the 
Latinity of Lipfius. By the advice of his friends, he 
opened a fchool, which was well attended ; and the fame 
year he publifhed a fmall treatife, De minutiarum fudio et 
rixandi libidine quorundam Grammaticorum, which was follow¬ 
ed by Animadverfoncs in Theophrafi Charaderes Ethicos, con¬ 
taining fome amendments in the text of that author. Soon 
after, Klotz engaged in an attack on Peter Butman, or 
rather undertook a defence of his own reputation againft 
the Dutch profeffor, in his Anli-Burmannus, Jena, 1761. 
Burman had publiflied a fpecimen of a propofed edition of 
the Anthologia, and tranimitted copies of it to the learn¬ 
ed for their opinion. Klotz inferted his criticifm on it in 
the A< 5 ta Eruditorum of Leipfic; and, though he bellow¬ 
ed great praife on Burman, the latter felt lo much hurt 
by the feverity of the remarks with which it was accom¬ 
panied, that he retorted in the preface to the Anthology, 
and threw out much invedfive againft the editors of the 
Adta Eruditorum. This induced Klotz to refume his pen 
in defence of his criticifms, and to publiffi the work 
above mentioned. It was followed by a dilfertation De 
ftlicii Audaeia Horatii, Jena, 1761 ; and the next year, by 
3 
K L O 
a treatife De Nemoribus in tedis /Edium Romanorum. In the 
latter, Klotz alferts, that the Romans borrowed their talte 
in laying out gardens either from the Thebans or the 
Babylonians. Though our author had formally taken his 
leave of the mufes, he once more paid his court to them, 
and publifned Elegia xiii. et Odes iii. in reditum Prindpis Ju- 
ventutum Saxoniee Frederid Chrifiani, Jense, 176a. About 
this period, Burman made another violent attack on our 
author in the Tranfaffions of the Society of Utrecht; 
which was retaliated by Klotz; and feveral acrimonious 
publications appeared on both tides, which need not be 
particularized. Having accepted of an invitation to a pro- 
feflorlhipat the univerlity of Gottingen in 1762,- foon af¬ 
ter hrs arrival there he was attacked by a fevere illnefs, 
during which he amufed liimlelf in reading and making 
extracts from Muratori and other authors; and on his re¬ 
covery wrote a treatife De Verecundia Virgilii, to which are 
added, three diflertations relative to the eclogues of that 
poet. Next year he publiflied Mifcellanea Critica ; and alfo 
applied to the lludy of ancient gems and paintings, with 
which he made liimfelf well acquainted, as appears by his 
edition of Tyrtaeus, publiflied firlt at Bremen in 1764, and 
afterwards, much enlarged and in a more fplendid form, 
at Altenburg in 1767. His celebrity had now increased 
fo much, that he received two offers the fame day : one 
from the prince of Helle Darmftadt, to be profeffor of 
oriental languages at Gieffen ; and the other from liis 
Pruflian majefty, to be profeffor of eloquence at Halle. 
While he remained in fufpenfe which of thefe he fliould 
accept, he was nominated by his Britannic majefly to be 
profeffor of philofophy at Gottingen, with an increafed 
lalary, which induced him to remain in that city. Soon 
after, he wrote Vindidce Horatii, againft the ftriftures of 
Hardouin ; and iiluftrated the more difficult paffages of 
that poet by a copious commentary. The fame year he 
committed to the prefs at Altenburg the firft volume of 
Ada litteraria, which, being written in Latin, were much 
read in foreign countries. Four parts of thefe aCls appear¬ 
ed annually, and gave an account, with critical remarks, 
of the different works publiflied in regard to claflical lite¬ 
rature. Though Klotz had a ftrong attachment to the 
ancients, he was not a blind admirer of their productions, 
as appears by his Epifolre Homerica, Altenburg, 1765, 
which laid the foundation for a literary dilpute between, 
him and Leffing, which was carried on, as is ulual in fuch 
contefts, with reciprocal virulence and acrimony. This 
was followed by Auduarium Jurifprudentice numifmaticee, a 
C. F. Hommelio editce ; in which many things are fupplied, 
others differently explained, and the fources of other mo¬ 
numents are pointed out. 
About this time Klotz’s enemies, through motives of 
jealoufy, were exerting themfelves to ruin his reputation; 
and, being likely to lucceed, he was induced to quit Got¬ 
tingen, and to accept an offer made to him by his Pruf- 
fian majefty, of being profeffor of philofophy and eloquence 
at Halle, with the rank and title of aulic counfellor. 
While preparing for his departure, he publifhed Hfloria 
Numorum contumelioforum et fatyricorum, containing not a 
mere catalogue, but a hiftory of thefe coins; and, on his 
removal to Halle, he gave to the public Hiforia Numorum 
obfidionalium, Altenburg, 1765. On occafion of the mar¬ 
riage of prince Frederic-William of Pruffia, he delivered 
in the principal church of Berlin an oration in praife of 
Frederic the Great; and about the fame time effected, 
what had been often attempted but without luccefs, the 
inltitution of a new fociety, called the Literary Society of 
Halle, which, on account of the freedom with which the 
members gave their opinion on literary matters, afforded 
great fatisfaftion to the liberal-minded part of the learned 
in Germany. While engaged in thefe and other occupa¬ 
tions required by his office of public teacher, he compofed, 
a work on the ltudy of antiquities, Uber das Studium des 
Alterthwns, 1766; and foon after received a letter from 
prince Czartoritflci, acquainting him that his Polifh majef¬ 
ty invited him to Warfaw, to fuperintend the education 
