K N A 
782 
For ’twill return, and turn t’account. 
If we are brought in play upon’t, 
Or but by catling knave get in ; 
What pow’r can hinder us to win ! IJudibras. 
KNA'VERY, f. Difnonefty ; tricks; petty villainy.— 
Here’s no knavery ! See, to beguile the old folks, how the 
young folks lay their heads together. Skakefpcare. 
The cunning courtier fhould be flighted too, 
Who with dull knavery makes fo much ado; 
’Till the flirevvd fool, by thriving too too tall. 
Like Aslop’s fox becomes a prey at laft. Dryden. 
Mifchievous tricks or practices. In the following paifage 
it feems a general term for any thing put to an ‘.11 ufe, or 
perhaps for trifling things of more coft and ufe : 
We’ll revel it as bravely as the belt, 
With amber bracelets, beads, and all this knav'ry. Skakefp. 
KNA'VISH, adj. Dilhoneft ; wicked ; fraudulent.— 
’Tis foolifh to,conceal it at all, and knavijh to do it from 
friends, Pope’s Letters. —Waggilh ; mifchievous : 
Here flie comes, curft and Aid ; 
Cupid is a knavijh lad. 
Thus to make poor females mad. Skakefpcare. 
KNA'VISHLY, adv. Dilhoneftly; fraudulently. Wag- 
gifiily ; mifchievoufly. 
KN A'VISHNESS, f. Dilhonefty ; waggiflinefs. 
KNAUT (Chriftopher), a German phylician and bota¬ 
nical writer, who publiflied his fyftem, founded upon that 
of our countryman Ray, in 1687, entitled Flora Halevjis. 
See the article Botany, vol. iii. p. 291. 
KNAUT (Chriftian), a German, who in 1716 publifli¬ 
ed a fyftem of botany founded on the number of petals 
contained in the flower. For a full detail of his method, 
fee the article Botany, vol. iii. p. 292. 
KNAUTIA,/". [fo named by Linnaeus, from Chnfopker 
Knaut, juft noticed.] In botany, a genus of the clafs te- 
trandria, order monogynia, natural order of aggregate:, 
(dipfaceas, Juffd) The generic character are—Calyx: pe- 
rianthium common, containing the flofcules difpofed in a 
iimple orb, Ample, cylindric, oblong, upright: diviiions 
awl-lhaped, approximated, of the number of the flofcules ; 
perianthium, proper, very fmali, crowning the germ, 
quite entire, coriaceous, pervious at top. Corolla : uni- 
verfal, equal; proper, one-petalied, unequal : tube the 
length of the calyx ; border unequal, four-cleft; the ex¬ 
terior legment larger and ovate. Stamina: filaments 
four, longer than the tube of the corolla, inferted into 
the receptacle; antherse oblong, incumbent. Piftilliim: 
germ inferior; lfyle Aliform, length of the ftamens. Stig¬ 
ma thickifn, two-cleft. Pericarpium : none. Seeds foli- 
tary, four-Aded, crowned with the down, and covered 
with the proper involucre of the flower. Receptaculum : 
common, fcarcely remarkable, flat, naked. This genus is 
diitinguilhed from Scabiofa by the tubulated calyx, and 
the Ample orbit of flowers.— Ejjcntial Chara&er. Calyx 
common, oblong, Ample, Avetotcn flowered; proper, Am¬ 
ple, fuperior: corollets irregular; receptaculum naked. 
Species. 1. Knautia orientalis, or eaftern knautia : leaves 
gaflied ; corollets in fives, longer than the calyx. This 
riles with an upright branching ftalk four feet high ; the 
branches terminated by Angle peduncles, each fupporting 
one flower, with the florets of a bright-red colour. The 
leaves on the midtile of the Item are pinnatifld ; the reft 
are only ferrate. Flowers radiate, with five.florets ; Mr. 
Miller fays, four only. Chaffs none. The calyx confifts 
of about ten linear leaflets. Seeds comprefled, hairy, 
many-toothed at top. Down a concave crown, with many 
briltle-fhaped unequal teeth. It is an annual plant, a 
native of the Levant; and was cultivated here in 1713. 
It flowers from June to September. 
a. Knautia Propontica, or Levant knautia : upper leaves 
lanceolate, quite entire; corollets in tens, equal to the 
calyx. Stem biennial, the thicknefs of a Anger, two feet 
high, villofe, the nature of Cheiranthus incanus. Leaves 
K N E 
fomewhat hairy, rugged and ferrate, except the upper 
ones, which are quite entire, and a fpan long. It differs 
from K...orientalis in having the upper leaves undivided ; 
corollets about ten, inftead of five, and they not longer 
than the calyx. The crown of the feed is fifteen-tooth¬ 
ed, and ciliate. Obferved in the Levant by Forfkahl. 
3. Knautia PalaeftinA, or Paleltine knautia: leaves en¬ 
tire ; calyxes fix-leaved ; feeds pappofe. Stem upright, 
ftraight, round, brachiate, fomewhat hairy, foarcely afoot 
high. Leaves oppofite, lanceolate, quite entire, hairy, 
fubpetioled. Peduncles folitary, very long, upright, leaf- 
lefs. It is an annual plant, and was found in Paleftineby 
Haffelquift. 
4. Knautia plumofa, or hairy knautia : upper leaves 
pinnate ; calyxes ten-leaved ; feeds pappofe. Stem up¬ 
right, ftraight, round, brachiate, pubefcent, a foot and a 
half high. It differs from Scabiofa pappofa in having the 
leaves of the calyx lanceolate, not ovate and acuminate ; 
the down feflile without an awn, not fitting on the caly- 
cle with an awn by it; the lower leaves lanceolate, fer¬ 
rate, not pinnate and linear. It is an annual plant, and 
a native of the Levant. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants are eafily propa¬ 
gated. If the feeds be permitted to fcatterin the autumn, 
the plants will come up foon after; and, if fome of them 
be planted in the borders of the pleafure-garden, or 
among low flirubs near the walks, in October, the plants 
will live through the winter, and flower in June. Their 
feeds will ripen at the end of July, or the beginning of 
Auguft ; and there is no culture required but to keep the 
plants clean from weeds. Thofe who wifti to gather the 
feeds muff obferve, that they fall as foon as they are ripe. 
KNA'WELL, f. in botany. See Sceleranthus, 
Cherleria, and Velezia. 
To KNEAD, v. a. [cmeban, Sax. hneden, Dut.] To 
beat or mingle any fluff or fubftance. It is feldom applied, 
in popular language, but to the aft of making bread.—* 
Here’s yet in the word hereafter, the kneading, the making 
of The cakes, and the heating of the oven. Shakefpcare, 
No man ever reapt his corn, 
Or from the oven drew his bread, 
Ere hinds and bakers yet were born, 
That taught them both to fow and knead. Prior. 
Thus kneaded up with milk the new-made man 
His kingdom o’er his kindred world began ; 
’Till knowledge mifapply’d, mifunderftood. 
And pride of empire, lour’d his balmy blood. Dryden. 
KNE'ADING, J. The aft of mixing by a repeated 
preffure of the hand or fill.—Prometheus, in the kneading 
up of the heart, feafoned it with fome furious particles of 
the lion. Addijbri s Speflator. 
KNE'ADING-TROUGH, f. A trough in which the 
pafte of bread is worked together.—Frogs fha.ll come into 
thy kneading-troughs. Exodus. 
KNEE,/! [cneoj), Sax. knee, Dut.] The joint of the 
leg where the leg is joined to the thigh.—Scotch lkink is a 
kind of ftrong nourilhment, made of the knees and linevvs 
of beef long boiled. Bacon. 
Io lay down, and, leaning on her knees, 
Invok’d the caufe of all her miferies. Dryden. 
A piece of timber growing crooked, and fo cut that the 
trunk and branch make up an angle.—Such difpofitions 
are the fitteft timber to make great politics of: like to- 
/i?!ee-tin\ber, that is good for (hips that are to be tolled ; but 
not for building houfes, that (hall ftand firm. Bacon. 
Knee, in a Ihip, a crooked piece of timber, having two 
branches or arms, and generally ufed to conneft the beams 
of a Ihip with her fides or timbers. The branches of the 
knees form an angle of greater or fmaller extent, accord¬ 
ing to the mutual fituation of the pieces which they are 
deligned to unite. One branch is fecurely bolted to one 
of the deck-beams, whilft the other is in the fame manner 
attached to a correfponding timber in the Ihip’s fide. Be- 
fides the great utility of knees in connecting the beams 
