TOG' K N I G H 
hilhop of York, commiferat'Ing their lituation, placed them 
in monafleries under his jurifdiction, where they were 
charitably admitted, kindly treated, and provided for 
during the reft of their lives. 
After this ftatement, which we have carefully extraffed 
from authors of great refpeftability, and impartially of¬ 
fered to our readers, we muft leave for them to decide 
whether this order was the victim of covetoufnefs and in¬ 
trigue, or had deferved its fate. Yet we muft confels, 
that, when vve read in the French hiltorians thetnfelves the 
report of the trial and of the execution of the grand 
inafter Jacques de la Maule, (who, after exhibiting the 
greateft intrepidity on the fcalfold, and at the light of the 
piled faggots wherein to he was foon to be thrown, was 
burnt at Paris the Monday after Quafhnodo Sunday,) 
very little doubt, if any, remains in our minds of the in- 
jnltice of the fentence pronounced againft the order.— 
The badge conftfts in a patriarchal or double crofs, en¬ 
amelled red,and edged with gold. (See Plate I.) See Inns 
of Court, art. Inner Temple, p.68 of this volume. 
XXI. The Knights of the Holy Sepulchre. This 
order was inftituted, fome lay by Godfrey of Bouillon, 
on the 17th of July, 1059; and, according to others, by 
Baldwin II. king of Jerusalem, who, making fome canons 
of St. Auguftine knights, declared the patriarch of Jerufa- 
lem grand mafter. They made three vows, viz. of chal- 
tity, poverty, and obedience. Their duties were, accord¬ 
ing to their promile made at the time of their profellion, 
to guard the holy fepulchre, which was entirely entrulted 
to their care ; to fight againft Saracens and other infidels 
to the utmoft of their power; to redeem Chriftian cap¬ 
tives, and to beg alms for that purpofe. They were en¬ 
joined moreover to hear mafs every day ; to recite daily 
the hours, or office of the holy crofs ; and to bear five red 
erodes, in memory of the five wounds of Chrift. Such 
employments were well calculated to preferve the purity 
of the order; and for a long time they were entitled to the 
greatelt refpetft. 
When the Chriftians, by the mifunderftanding of their 
chiefs and other unfortunate events, were driven from the 
Holy Land, the knights retired into Italy, where they fet¬ 
tled at Perugia. At that time they changed their ancient 
badge for a double red crofs ; but this alteration was foon 
fuperleded by the re-appearance of the ancient one, which 
confilts in a crofs potent gold, cantoned with four fmall 
crolfes of the lame, pendent from a black ribbon ; which 
was alfo embroidered on the habit of the order. It was 
alfigned to them by their founder the king of Jerufalem, 
at the time of the inftitution. See Plate I. 
Several monarchs and princes attempted to revive this 
order of knights, iince it had been conjoined with that of 
St. John of Jerufalem, but to no effeft, and it remains en¬ 
tirely extinft; the guard of the holy fepulchre having 
been fince committed to the care of Francifcan friers. 
XXII. The Order of St. Lazarus. This order was 
at the firft inftitution a fraternity of religious men, but not 
ecclefialtieal knights, “whole weapons,” fays Alhmole, 
“in the Chriftian warfare, were prayers and tears, not the 
military i word.” Their origin as monks isdated'from the 
year 360; they followed the rule of St. Bafil, and their 
profellion was approved by leveral popes. Some authors 
affirm, that Frederic Barbarofl’a gave them great polfellions 
in Sicjly, Calabria, and the environs of Naples. They 
were made knights in the twelfth century. Being driven 
out of the Holy Land in the year 1253, the knights of 
this order followed St. Louis to France, where, not un¬ 
mindful of the great lervices he had received from them 
when in Paleftine and other parts of the Levant, he con¬ 
firmed the donations made to them by his predeceflbrs, 
and put them in pofteflion of feveral houfes, command- 
eries, and hospitals, which his piety had induced him to 
build for the reception of the foldiers who had been dil- 
abied in the cry lades under his command, and which he 
had endowed with ample privileges. He procured alfo 
from pope Alexander IV. permiliion for them to follow 
T H O O D. 
the rule of St. Auguftine. In 1490, Innocent VIII. fup- 
prefied the order, and united the exilting knights with 
thole of St. John of Jerufalem; but the bull of luppreffion 
was not received in France. In 1 572, pope Gregory XII. 
united thole who were in Italy with the order of St. Mau¬ 
rice newly inftituted by Emmanuel Philibert duke of Sa¬ 
voy ; and, in 1608, the order was finally blended w ith that 
of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, in France, which had not 
long been inftituted by Henry IV. 
The knights of St. Lazarus, as well as thofe of Mount 
Carmel, are allowed to marry, and at the fame time, by a 
fpecial privilege, to polfels penfions charged upon eccle- 
fiaftical iivings. Their principal duties were originally 
to take care of people in the holpitals when they were in¬ 
fected with leprofy. Every knight promifed betides to 
wear a green crols, and, before his profellion, to prove 
himfelf born in lawful wedlock, a gentleman by father 
and mother, and entitled to bear arms. The badge con- 
lilted in a crofs of eight points, enamelled green, edged 
with white, the inlide red ; in the centre, the image of 
the blefted Virgin and Child in their proper colours. On 
the reverie, the middle enamelled green, thereon the figure 
of St. Lazarus. Between the rays of the crofs four fleurs- 
de-lis, and on each of the points a fmall ball of gold. 
This badge was pendent from a ribbon crimfon, and the 
knights wore it on the brer.lt, or fcarfwife. See Plate I. 
XXIII. The Order of St. Blaise and the Virgin 
Mary. This o» der was ecclefiaftical as well as military. 
The exaft time of its inftitution cannot beabfolutely afleiv 
tained, as authors are of different opinions as to the year 
of its creation ; but it is univerlally agreed that it took 
place foon after that of the Knights Templars. Thefe 
knights followed the rule of St. Bafil, which at that time 
was held in confiderable repute in all the Ealt. Favin 
tells us, that they were originally officers and menial fer- 
vants to the king of Armenia ; and had affigned to them 
a lky-colour habit, with a crols gold embroidered on the 
brealt. Some authors are of opinion that in the centre of 
the crofs was the figure of St. Blaile, to whom the order 
was dedicated. It leems that the order was molt ftou- 
rilhing and at its height, as to honour and relpectabiliiy, 
when the Armenian kings of the houfe of Lulignan held 
their court in the city of Aeon. When the knights of 
this order aflenibled in chapter, or let out upon iome mi¬ 
litary expedition, they wore on their brealt the fame badge 
embroidered on a white habit. 
XXIV. The Order of the Knights d’Avis. After 
confuting the writers of Portugal and Spain, as well as 
thofe of other nations, concerningthe origin of this order, it 
appears that in the year 1142, Alphonlo Henriquez king 
of Portugal, in teftimony of the lervices he had received 
at the liege of Lilbon by the nobility led to his aliiltance 
by Don Ferdinand de Monteyro, inftituted a new military 
fociety which he compofed of thole brave noblemen, and 
appointed Monteyro to be the grand matter of the order. 
Not long after, in the year 1166, having taken the town 
of Evora by furprife, the king conferred upon thole knights 
the government of that city, and ordered that, on that 
account, they Ihould be called henceforward Knights of 
Evora. In 1181, the fame king, having taken from the 
Moors a place or cattle very advantageoully iituated and 
called Avis, (fee Avis,) granted it to the knights who 
had lhared with him the dangers of the war; whereto the 
grand mafter and the reft of the order tranfplanted them- 
lelves from Evora, and took the denomination of Brothers 
of Avis, or Freres d'Avis, from that circumftance. 
The order was confirmed by pope Innocent III. anno 
1204, in the reign of Sancho I. fon of king Alphonlo, and 
placed under the rule of St. Benedict; and therefore, in 
iomepapal bulls, they are called of St. Benedict d’Avis; but 
others lay that it was confirmed in 1162 by a power which 
the bilhop of Oltia, then legate in Spain, from pope Alex¬ 
ander III. gave to John Zerita, abbot of St. John of Tarroca. 
In the year 1213, upon recovering fome lands and two 
fortrefles from the grand matter and knights of the order 
of 
