t 
412 ISLE of M A N. 
ginald cameiro the Tfie of Man in the dead of the night, 
and burned all the {hips in Peel-harbour. Thence he 
proceeded to Derby-haven, where he remained forty days, 
foliciting peace of his brother, and endeavouring to gain 
the affeftions of the inhabitants. He fo far obtained his 
purpofe, that the.fouthern men fwore to affift him with 
■their lives in recovering half the kingdom. The northern 
men adhered to Oiave; and on the 14th February, 1228, 
the two brothers came to an engagement, near the Tin- 
wald hill, which terminated in the victory of Clave, and 
the death of Reginald. Reginald appears to have been a 
man of ambition and of abilities, but deftitute of virtue, 
treacherous, unjulf, and cruel; always ready to gain an 
end by any means. During the latter part of his reign 
the inhabitants lived in that miferable and unfettled {fate 
neceH'arily attendant upon a dread of their own tyrant, 
and conllant apprehenfion of a foreign foe. 
In 1230 Oiave went to Norway to do homage to Haco 
Far his crown ; and, on his return, was accompanied by 
that king, Godred Don the fon of Reginald, and many 
Norwegians. Haco, in attacking a caltle in the I lie of 
Bute, was killed by a {tone, and buried in Iona. Oiave 
and Godred Don divided the ifles between them ; the 
former, retaining poffeflion of Man ; but, the latter being 
{lain foon afterwards in Lewis, Oiave became foie king. 
In 1234, Henry III. of England granted this prince a 
certain annuity in filver coin and wine for defending the 
fea-coaft. After the enjoyment of a peaceful reign, he 
died in St. Patrick’s Ille, and was buried in Rufhen 
Abbey. 
Harold, at fourteen years of age, fucceeded to his fa¬ 
ther’s crown, anno 1237. In the fir ft year of his reign, 
having refufed to appear at the court of the king of Nor¬ 
way, the Ille of Man was invaded by a Norwegian army, 
under Gofpatrick and Gillchrift, who converted the tri¬ 
butes of the country to the fervice of their own king. 
Harold, being induced to fubmit, failed over to the king 
of Norway, did him his accuftomed homage, and was 
confirmed in the poffeflion of all the iflands which his 
predeceftors had enjoyed. In 1248, the king of Norway 
offered hitn his daughter in marriage, and Harold failed 
accordingly to that kingdom. The newly-married cou¬ 
ple enjoyed for a very fliort time their expefted happinefs; 
for, dming their voyage homeward a fudden {form arofe; 
the (hip was wrecked, and the whole crew perifhed. 
Harold’s brother Reginald was the next king of Man ; 
but, 4 a few days after his acceflion to the throne, he was 
{lain by Yvar, a knight, in a meadow in the fouthern 
diftrift. Harold, the fon of Godred Don, now' affirmed 
the title of king, and baniftied many of the chief inhabi¬ 
tants ; but, having received and obeyed an order to go 
to Norway, he was impriloned by the king of that nation 
for his ufurpation of the government. Magnus, the fon 
of Oiave, was the next king of Man and the Ifles, under 
the fanftion of the Norwegian monarch. He died at 
Ru/lien caftle in 1265, and was there buried. 
Magnus king of Norway, finding himfelf unable to re¬ 
tain the fovereignty of the Weftern Hies, agreed to fur- 
render them to Alexander III. king of Scotland, in 1264, 
on receiving from him 4000 marks of filver immediately, 
and 100 marks a-year in future. Not long afterwards 
Alexander reduced the Hie of Man, and made this treaty 
.with Regulus; a man whom he had appointed king over 
it: That Alexander ftiouid defend the country from all 
foreign enemies; and that Regulus fhould furnifh Scot¬ 
land, when required, with ten (hips. See the article 
Scotland. 
In 1304, John Waldebeof, a great-grand fon of king 
Reginald, thinking himfelf entitled to the Ifle of Man, 
preferred his claim before Edward I. king of England, as 
lord-paramount over the king of Scotland. But he re¬ 
ceived no other anfwer than that he might profecute his 
claim before the juftices of the king’s bench, and have 
juftice done him. What Waldebeof could not effeft by 
right, William de Montacute, another defeendant of Re¬ 
ginald, accompliftied by arms. With a body of Englifh 
troops, haftily collefted, he drove all the Scots out of the 
ifland ; but, having contracted a confderable debt for 
this war, and being unable to dilcharge it, he mortgaged 
the ifland and its revenues for feven years to Anthony 
Bee, biftiop of Durham and patriarch of Jerusalem, to 
whom the king of England afterwards gave it for life. 
In 1307, king Edward II. beftowed this ifland upon 
Piers Gavefton, when he created him eari of Cornwall ; 
and, on his death, upon Henry Beaumont; “with all the 
demefnes and royal jurifdiftion." The Scots, under Ro¬ 
bert Bruce, afterwards recovered it, and retained it in their 
poffeffion till the year 1340, when William de Montacute 
the younger, earl of Salilbury, under the fanftion of Ed¬ 
ward III. wrefted it from that nation, and, according to 
Wallhingham, fold it to fir William Scroop, afterwards 
earl of Wiltfhire. This nobleman being executed forhigh- 
treafon, and his eftates being confifcated, the Ifle of Man 
reverted to the crown of England, and was granted by 
Henry IV. to Henry Percy ,earl of Northumberland, on 
condition that he and his pofterity, at the coronation of 
the kings of England, fhould bear the fword worn by 
that monarch on his return from France in 1399. Henry 
Percy was attainted four years afterwards ; and, though 
fubfequently reftored in blood, and to his eftates in Eng¬ 
land, the Ille of Man was permanently forfeited, and 
given; with the patronage of the biftiopric and all other 
ecclefiaftical benefices, to William Stanley and his heirs, 
afterwards earls of Derby, to be held by liege homage, and 
the fervice of rendering to the Englifli monarch two fal¬ 
cons on their coronation. 
The fovereign of the Ifle of Man had long borne the 
title of King, and his confort is ftyled Queen in fome of 
the ftatutes. This title was abandoned by Thomas the 
firft earl of Derby; and Lord of Man affumed in its room. 
The reafon which he gave for fo doing was, that he 
thought it an empty title, fince the country could no 
loqger maintain itfelf independent of other nations ; and 
that he deemed it more honourable to be a great lord than 
a petty king. The royalties and-revenues of Man de- 
fcended regularly, and without moleftation, fr 5 m anceftor 
to heir, till the time of William the fixth earl of Derby, 
againft whole title fome objections were llarted and legally 
removed. To put the matter beyond all doubt, William 
obtained from James I. a new grant of the Ifle of Man, 
which was confirmed by aft of parliament. 
This ifland was one of the laft places which yielded to 
the authority of Cromwell. Ireton propofed to James 
earl of Derby, on the part of the parliament, the re-pof- 
feflion of his eftates in England, provided he would fur- 
render the Ifle of Man; but this propofal the earl treated 
with the greateft indignation, and declared his determi¬ 
nation to hang any future mefienger from that quarter. 
The earl, being taken prifoner in England, was executed 
at Bolton, Oftober 15, 1651, and the defence of the Ifle 
of Man was undertaken by his lady. The countefs pof- 
feffed enthufiafm equal to her huftmnd’s, and detennined 
to defend Caftle Rulhen, to which (lie had retired, to the 
laft extremity ; but one Chriftian, in whom (he confided, 
and who had the command of her forces, deeming hers 
a hopelefs caufe, capitulated to Birch and Duckenfield, 
who with ten armed veffels had invaded the ifland. The 
Ifle of Man was granted by the parliament to lord Fair¬ 
fax; but on the accefiion of Charles II. was reftored to 
the earl of Derby, fon of him who had been beheaded. 
Chriftian was found guilty of treafon, and executed in 
the Ifle of Man. 
In this family it continued till 1735, at which time 
James earl of Derby died without ifiue, and the inheri¬ 
tance devolved upon James fecond duke of Athol, who 
was defeendedfrom Amelia Sophia, the youngeft daugh¬ 
ter of the feventh earl of Derby. John, the laft of this 
family who enjoyed the royalties of Man, inherited by 
defeent the dukedom of Athol; and obtained by his mar¬ 
riage with the daughter of the late duke the kingdom, of 
Man. See the article Heraldry, vol. ix. p.491. 
The diftinft jurifdiftion of this fubordinate royalty be¬ 
ing 
