472 3 V A 
the town environed by the Stor is now called New Town, 
though in reality more ancient than that named the Old, 
•which did not obtain municipal rights till 1303, though 
part of it efcaped the deftruftion of the year 1200. The 
Old Town was, indeed, rebuilt at the end’ of the thir¬ 
teenth or the beginning of the fourteenth century; but 
in procefs of time is fallen to decay, and its life annexed 
to the bailiwicof Steinburg. In 1643, Itzehoe was taken 
and fortified by the Swedes, but wrefted from them again 
1111644. In 1657, however, they reduced it entirely to 
allies : eight miles north-north-eaft of Gluckftadt, and 
twenty-nine north-north-well: ofHamburg. Lat. 53.57.N. 
Ion. 9.35. E. 
IT'ZI, a river of Hungary, which runs into the Theyfle 
near SzigCt. 
IT'ZIG, a town of Bavaria, in the bilhopric of Bam¬ 
berg : three miles fouth-eaft of Staffelftein. 
I'VA, f. The Bastard Jesuit’s-Bark Tree ; in bo¬ 
tany, a genus of the clafs monoecia, order pentandria, na¬ 
tural order of compofitae nucamentace®, (corymbiferse, 
JuJf.) The generic characters are—Calyx: common round- 
illi: leaflets about five, fubovate, blunt, almoft equal, per¬ 
manent, containing very many florets. Corolla : com¬ 
pound convex; corollets, male very many in the difk, 
female five in the ray. Proper; males one-petalled, fun¬ 
nel-form, five-toothed, the length of the calyx; females 
none. Stamina: males, filaments five, briftle-lhaped, the 
length of the corollet; anther® eredt, approximating. 
Piftillum : females, germ oblong, the length of the calyx: 
ftyles two, capillary, long; ftigmas acute. Pericarpium : 
none; calyx unchanged. Seeds: folitary, naked, the 
length of the calyx, at top thicker, blunt. Receptacu- 
lum : chaffy ; chaff's linear, interior.— EJfential Char alter. 
Male. Calyx common, three or five leaved ; corolla of the 
dilk one-petalled, five-cleft; receptacle with hairs or li¬ 
near chaff’s, ^Female. In the ray, five, or fewer; corolla 
none; ftyles two, long; feeds naked, blunt. 
Species. 1. Iva annua, or annual iva : leaves lanceolate- 
ovate ; Item herbaceous. This is an annual plant, with an 
herbaceous ftalk, riling from two to three feet high, fend¬ 
ing out feveral branches from the fides. The leaves have 
three deep longitudinal veins, and are ferrate. The ftalks 
and branches are terminated by fmall chillers of pale blue 
flowers, which appear in July, and the feeds ripen in au¬ 
tumn. Native of South America, and many parts of the 
Weft Indies. 
2. Iva frutefcens, Ihrubby iva, or baftard jefuit’s-bark 
tree: leaves lanceolate; Hem Ihrubby. This has (lender 
woody branches, eight or ten feet high. Native of Vir¬ 
ginia and Peru; cultivated in 1711 by the duchefs of 
Beaufort; flowers in Auguft. 
Propagation and. Culture. Sow the feeds of the firft fort 
on a moderate hot-bed; and, when the plants are fit to 
remove, tranfplant them to another hot-bed, treating them 
as directed for Impatiens. The fecond has been preferved 
in the greenhoufe; but ordinary winters in England fel- 
<dom hurt it, provided it is planted in a dry foil and a 
flickered fituarion. If the branches be layed in the fpring, 
they will put cut roots in fix months; or, if cuttings be 
planted in a lhady border in May, they will take root. 
See Teucrium. 
IVAFU'NE, a town of Japan, in the ifland of Niphon : 
thirty miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Nigata. 
I'VAH, [Heb. iniquity.] the name of a place. 1 Kings. 
IVA'HAH,yf The name of a canoe of the South-Sea 
iflanders for ihort excurfions to fea. It is wall-fided, flat- 
bottomed, and of different fizes, from feventy-two feet to 
ten; but the breadth is by no means in proportion; for 
thofe of ten feet are about a foot wide, and thofe of more 
than feventy are fcarcely two. The fighting-ivahah is the 
Jongeft;' with its head and Hern confiderably railed. The 
filhing-ivahah are from fonty feet long to ten ; thofe of 
twenty-five feet and upwards occafionally carry fail. The 
travelling-ivahah is always double, and furnilhed with a 
fmall neat houfe.- 
J U A 
PVAN I. and II. Emperors of Ruflla. See the article 
Russia. 
JU'AN (George), a Spanilh naval captain in the eigh¬ 
teenth century, eminent for his mathematical knowledge, 
and (kill in praftical aftronomy, was felefted, together 
with his brother-officer of the fame rank, Don Antonio 
de Ulloa, to accompany MM. Godin, Bouguer, and La 
Condamine, of France, to South America, for the purpofe 
of meafuring a degree on the meridian. They left Europe 
in the year 1735 ; and, having arrived at Peru, began 
their operations in the province of Quito in the year 
1736. After many interruptions, they completed the ob¬ 
ject of their fcientific miffion about eight years afterwards, 
and then returned to Europe. Our Spanifh mathemati¬ 
cians publilhed a feparate account of their voyage and 
operations; the hiftorical part of which was publilhed, in 
a French tranflation, at Amfterdam, 1752, in 2 vols. 4to„ 
and has alfo been given to the public in an Englifh drefs, 
in 2 vols. 8vo. Don George Juan was admitted a member 
of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris, in the year 
1745 5 and t0 that at Berlin, in 1750. He died at Madrid, 
in the year 1773- He publilhed many valuable mathema¬ 
tical and nautical works in his native language. 
_ JU'AN (St.), the capital of California in North Ame¬ 
rica. Lat. 26. 25. N. Ion. 114. 9. 
JU'AN (Fort St.), Hands in the province of New Leon,- 
in North America, on the fouth-weft fide of the Rio Bra¬ 
vo, in the 29th degree of north latitude and 101ft of weft 
longitude. 
JU'AN BLAN'CO, or White Jack, a Spanilh name 
for Platina, which fee. 
JU'AN FERNAN'DES. See Fernandes, vol. vii. p. 327. 
JU'AN de la FRONTE'RA, or Chacapoyas, a town 
of South America, in Chili, in the province of Chiquito, 
near the lake Guanacho. The territory of this town is 
inhabited by 20,000 native Americans, who are tributary 
to Spain. It contains mines of gold, and produces a kind 
of almonds that are very delicate. It is feated at the foot 
of the Andes, in lat. 23. 25. S. Ion. 66 . 35. 
JU'AN de FU'CA, a ftrait on the north-weft coaft of 
America, was furveyed by captain Vancouver, and the 
entrance of which he places in lat. 48.20. N. Ion. 124. o. W. 
The objedt of this furvey was to difcover a communica¬ 
tion between the North Pacific and North Atlantic 
Oceans; but none of the inlets or channels in this broken 
coaft was found to extend more than a hundred miles 
to the eaftward of the entrance into the ftrait. Thus it 
appeared, that the land forming the north fide of that 
ftrait is part of an ifland, or of an archipelago, extending 
nearly one hundred leagues in length from the fouth-eaft 
to north-weft; and on the fide of this land, molt diftant 
from the continent, is fituated Nootka found. The molt 
peculiar circumftance of this navigation is the extreme 
depth of water, when contrafted with the narrownefs of 
the channels. 
The people of Juan de Fuca are faid to be well verfed 
in the principles of trade, which they carry on in a very 
fair and honourable manner. The commodities mol 
prized by them are copper, fire-arms, and great-coats. 
Their drefles, befides flcins, are a kind of woollen gar¬ 
ments. According to Vancouver, the dogs belonging to 
this tribe of Indians are numerous, refemblirrg thole of 
Pomerania, though larger in general. The population, 
even in the greateft towns or villages, does not exceed fix 
hundred, and the fmajl-pox is reckoned to be a difeafe 
very fatal among them. Their method of difpofing of 
their dead is fingular: “ Balkets (fays Vancouver) were 
found fufpended on high trees, each containing the Ikele- 
ton of a young child, in fome of which were alfo fmall 
fquare boxes filled with a kind of white pafte, refembling 
fuch as I had feen the natives eat, fuppofed to be made 
of the faranne-root; fome of thefe boxes were quite full; 
others were nearly empty, eaten probably by the mice, 
fquirrels, or birds.” 
JU'AN de los LLA'NQS, a province of South Ame¬ 
rica,- 
