J U D 
the Syrian army been hakily recalled by a rebellion in 
their own country. Alter Demetrius Soter had obtained 
the crown of Syria, the war with the Jews was renewed 
at the mitigation ot Alcimus, the high-prielt, a perional 
enemy ot Judas. The general Nicanor was fent into Judea,y 
who made peace with the Jewifli chief. Alcimus, how¬ 
ever, procured a renewal of hoitiiities, in the couile of 
which Nicanor was defeated and killed. At length, Bac- 
chides, marching with the flower of the Syrian troops, 
furpriled Judas at the head of a fmall body of men, ot 
whom all but eight hundred delerted him at the approach 
of the enemy. With thele faithful adherents he made a 
delperate rehitance, till he fell upon aheap of llaughtered 
enemies, BC. 161. T. lie news o 1.his death caufed the ut- 
inoli grief and coniternadon at Jerufalem, where a general 
mourning was made for him, and he was celebrated in 
fongs as one of the great heroes ot the nation. His body 
was recovered, and interred in the feptilchre of his father at 
Modin. His brother Jonathan (lee His article) fucceeded 
him in the command, and emulated his Valour. See the 
article Jew, vol x. p. 79 s - „ , 7r . 
JU'DAS ISCA'RIOT. [Why he was called Ifcariot ; 
whether becaufe he was ljh kariuth, an inhabitant ot Ke- 
rioth ; or becaule he was Jh-Jcariota, the man who had the 
bag; or ifti carat, the man that cuts off; or i/hjhak'at , 
the man of the reward or bribe; is not agreed.] Our Sa¬ 
viour chole him to be one of his dilciples, anu gave him 
the charge of what money or provihon he carried about 
with him. There is no evidence that his religious ap¬ 
pearances, or his preaching, or miracles, were inferior to 
thole of his brethren ; but covetoulneis reigned in his 
heart. Highly provoked that Mary had (pent 10 much oil 
in anointing our Saviour’s head, and (hat he juitihed her 
conduct, he refolved, in revenge, to betray him. He 
agreed with the chief-prieits and elders to deliver him into 
their hands, for thirty ihekeis of lilver, about 3I. 8s. 3d. 
of our money. He returned, and ate rile pullover with 
his Malter and fellovv-dilciples. At the iupper ot bitter 
herbs, Jelus, to gratify John, and inanifelt ins own divine 
omnilcience, pointed him out as the traitor. Filled with 
rage, he went directly to the chief pricks, and drought a 
band of men to apprehend his Matter. He le«i them to 
the garden, where Jelus was wont to retire tor his devo¬ 
tion. He, by faluting our Saviour, gave them the fignal 
■whom they liiould apprehend. No looner had he ieen his 
Maker condemned by the Jewilh council, than his con- 
fcience upbraided .him ; he brought back the thirty pieces 
of filver, and comelied he had betrayed the innocent. 
When the Jewilh rulers told him, that that was none of 
theirbufineis, he call down the money ; and, as they thought 
the price of blood was not tit lor the treaiury, they, as 
agents for Judas, gave it for the Potters’ lieid, to bury 
It rangers in. Meanwhile, Judas hanged himleit; but, the 
rope breaking, or the tree giving way, he fell, and his 
body built alunder, and his bowels gulhed out. Some 
think the word we render hanged, imports, that he was 
choakcd with grief ; and that, in the extremity 01 his agony, 
he fell on his face, and burft alunder. Matth. xxvi. xxvii. 
Ads i. 16-20. 
In Judas Ifcariot, the feriptures exhibit a linking pic¬ 
ture of the deceitiul wickednels ot the heart of man, and 
furnilh us with an awful inllance of that diabolical en¬ 
mity which may lurk there, while the external appear¬ 
ance diiplays all the marks of flneere friendfhip. This 
difciple, after following Chrilt during his public mi- 
niftry, and acknowleoging him to be a divine perlon, for 
a paltry fuin of money wilfully and deliberately betrays 
him. His cafe is an example of the higheft degree in the 
icale of human depravity ; and is confidered by Paul, in 
his Epiltle to the Hebrews, as beyond the reach ot mercy 
or forgivenefs : IJ we Jin wiljul/y, after we have received the 
knowledge of the truth, there remameth xo more offering Jot Jin, 
hut a fearful /coking for of judgmemtj and fery indignation to 
devour, the adverjanes. The ancient lathers notice a fpu- 
Vol, XI. No. 769. 
J U D 47 ? 
rious gofpel under t}ie name of the Gofpel of Judas., co r.i-, 
pofed by the Cainites to countenance their extravagant 
opinions. See Cainites, vol. iii. 
JU'DAS, or Jude, lurnamed Barfabas, was lent from 
Jerufalem, with Paul.and Barnabas, to the church of An¬ 
tioch, to acquaint them with the refolution of the elders 
at Jerufalem concerning the obfervance of the law. 
Ads xv. 22, & feq. Some are of opinion that .this Jude 
was the brother of Jolepli, furnatned alfo Barfhbas, who 
was propofed, together with Matthias, to fill up the place 
of the traitor Judas. Ads i. 23. St. Luke tells us, that 
Jude-Birfabas was a prophet, and one of the chief men 
among the brethren ; Aclsxv. 22. It is believed that he was 
one of the leventy dilciples. After he had been fome time 
at Antioch, he returned to Jerufalem. Ads xv. 32, 33. 
JU'DAS the Gaulanite, a man who oppofed the en¬ 
rolment of the people made by Cyrenius in Judea, and 
railed a very great rebellion ; pretending that the Je\vs were 
free, and ought to acknowledge no other dominion but 
that of God. His followers chofe to (offer all lorts of 
torments rather than cail any power on earth lord or maf- 
ter. The fame Judas is named Judas the Galilean, Acls v. 
37. He was a Galilean, a native of Gamala, or Gaula, in the 
Gaulauiris; whence he is indifferently called Judas the Ga¬ 
lilean, or Judas Gaulanites And, as this country was un¬ 
der the dominion of Herod, whereas Judea was fubjeft to 
the Romans, the Jews called the followers of Judas the 
Gaulanite, H rcdians. The left or party which held the 
opinions of judas iubfifted long after Judas, and long af¬ 
ter Gamaliel himfelf. It produced the two factions of 
the Sicarii, or murderers, and the Zealots, who, having 
kindled the flame of rebellion throughout Judea, were the 
caufe of the deftruftion of Jerufalem and of the whole 
country. See the a tide Jew, vol. x. p. 801. We do not 
know either the time or manner of the death of this Judas. 
JU'DAS-TRER, f A plant. See Cercis.— Judas-tree 
yitjkis a line, purplrih, bright, red, bloflom in the fpring; 
and is increaled by layers. Mortimer's HuJbandry, 
JUD'DA, a town of Him.ooitan, in tile circar of Gur- 
rah : ten miles eaft of M.ihur. 
JUD'DOCK,yi in ornithology, the jack-fnipe ; a fmall 
fpecies of l.iipe. See Scolopax. 
JUDE, St. one of the twelve apokles of Chrifl, was 
fometimes called Judas, and at other times Thaddeus, or 
Libbeus. He was tile brother of James the lefs, and is con- 
jeitured to have followed the employment of an hufband- 
man. We have no account of his vocation to the apof- 
tlelhip ; and there is but one paffage either in the four 
Golpels or the Acts, in which any thing is related of him 
particularly: that is in the account which St. John has 
given of our Lord’s affectionate difeourfes with his difei- 
ples, a fhort time bstore his laft bufferings, when, to lup- 
port and comfort them under his approaching ablence from 
them, be promifed to give them luch a manifeflation of 
himfelf as the world was not capable of receiving. Up¬ 
on this, Judas faith unto him (not Ifcariot), Lo'd, how is it 
that thou wilt manifeji thyfelf unto us, and net unto the world f 
John xiv. 22. Under the influence of the fame mikaken. 
notions which were entertained by the difciples in gene¬ 
ral, refpeding the temporal nature of the Mefliah’s king¬ 
dom, he liereafks our Saviour with furprife, how he could 
fpeak of manifefting himfelf to a few only, when he was 
about to ekablifh an univerlal monarchy, in great power 
and fplendour ? In his anfwer our Lord told him, that 
the kingdom which he was to erect was purely fpiritual» 
a kingdom of truth and righteoufnefs, the privileges and 
bleliings of which were to be peculiar to good men ; as 
they would all know when he fliould return again among 
them, and the miraculous gift of the fpirit fhould be be- 
ftowed upon them. After this event, St. Jude doubtlefs 
joined with the other apokles in bearing teltimony at Jeru¬ 
falem to Chrift’s refurrettion and character, and was a fharer 
with them in the reproaches and fufterings to which they 
were expofed for their adherence to his caufe. It is alfo 
6 F not 
