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pily live only in remembrance. There are ancient prece¬ 
dents of judges, who were fined when they tranlgreffed the 
laws, though commanded by warrants from the king; and 
it is faid, that earl Typtoft, who was a chancellor, was 
beheaded, for acting upon the king’s warrant againit law. 
'Burnet's Rich. 2. p. 38. 
Bribery in judges is punifhable by lofs of office, fine, 
and imprifonment; and, by the common law, bribery of 
judges, in relation to a caul'e depending before them, has 
been punifhed as treafon. 1 Leon. 295. Cro. Jac. 65. 
1 Hawk. P. C. A judge ignorantly condemns a man to 
death for felony, when it is not felony; for this offence, 
the judge fhall be fined and imprifoned, and lofe his office. 
Jenk. Cent. 162. If a judge, who hath no jurifdiftion of 
the caufe, give judgment of death, and award execution, 
which is executed, fuch judge is guilty of felony; and 
alfo the officer who executes the fentence. //. P. C. 351. 
so Rep. 76. And if juftices of peace;, on indictment of 
trefpafs, arraign a man of felony, and judge him to death, 
and he is executed, it is felony in them. H. P. C. 35. 
1 Dalt. c. 98. A juftice cannot rafe a record, nor embezzle 
it, nor file an indictment which is not found, nor give 
judgment of death where the law does not give it; if he 
does, it is mifprifion, he fhall lofe his office, and make fine 
for mifprifion ; but it is not felony. 
Few inltances have been found in which judges have 
not afted the upright and honourable part in all caufes 
of individuals brought before them ; they have no motive 
to aft otherwife: but the inflexible integrity of a judge 
is brought to the tell when great political queflions are to be 
decided ; when one of the people, who is but as duft in 
the balance, is about to be borne down by a whole branch 
of the legislature, in fuch a cafe lord chief juftice Holt 
was tried, and his decifions infured for him an unfading 
immortality. This great man is memorable among the 
Englifli judges for a thorough knowledge of the law, join¬ 
ed to an invincible firmnefs and refolution in fupporting 
its authority. He held in contempt the affumed powers 
of a houfe of commons, when thofe powers were evidently 
hoftile to the common law of the land. He was the in¬ 
trepid affertor of the rights and liberties of the fubjeft, 
and was remarkably jealous of the interference of the mi¬ 
litary power in the execution of the laws; of which he 
gave a very fignal proof when applied to fanftion, by the 
prefence of one of his people, the proceedings of the mili¬ 
tary fent to quell a riot excited by the infamous praftice 
of crimping. The chief-juftice alked the officer what he 
intended to do if the populace refufed to difperfe: he re¬ 
plied, “ We have orders to fire upon them.” “ Have you 
fo?” faid the judge ; “then obferve, if one man is killed, 
I will take care that you and every foldier of your party 
ftiall be hanged. Sir, acquaint thofe who fent you, that 
no officer of mine ftiall attend foldiers; and let them know, 
likewife, that the laws of this land are not to be executed 
by the fword. Thefe things belong to the civil power, 
and you have nothing to do with them.” Such patriotic 
■and virtuous conduft as this chief juftice ever manifefted, 
has not frequently been found in perfons filling that high 
office. 
To JUDGE, v. n. [ juger , Fr . judico, Lat.] To pafs fen¬ 
tence.—Ye judge not for man, but for the Lord, who is 
with yon in the judgment. 2. Chron. —To torm or give an 
opinion.—Whether it be a divine revelation or no, reafon 
muft judge, which can never permit the mind to rejeft a 
greater evidence, to embrace what is lei’s evident. Locke. 
Authors to thetnfelves. 
Both what they judge and what they chufe. Milton. 
To difeern ; to diftinguilh; to confider accurately.—How 
properly the tones may be called the whole body of the 
Britifh nation, I leave to any one’s judging. Addifon. 
To JUDGE, v. a. To pafs fentence upon; to examine 
authoritatively ; to determine finally ; 
Then thofe, whom form of laws 
Condemn’d to die, when traitors judg'd their ca®fr. Dryd. 
you XL No. 769. 
J U D 48* 
\ 
To pafs fevere cenfure ; to doom feverely. This is a fenle 
feldom found but in the feriptures.—He (ha\\ judge among 
the heathen ; he ftiall fill the places with the dead bodies. 
Pf. c x. 6.— Judge not, that ye be not judged. Matthew. — 
Let no man judge you in meat or drink. Col. ii. 
JUD'GER,yi One who forms judgment; or pafles fen¬ 
tence.—The vulgar threatened to be their oppreifors, and 
judgers of their judges. King Charles. —They who guide 
themfelves merely by what appears, are ill judgers of what 
they have not well examined. Digby. —In Chelhire, to be 
judger of a town, is to ferve on the jury there. Lcicejlef's 
Hijt. Antiq. 302. 
JUD'GES, [from judge. ] The title of one of the hifto- 
rical books of feripture. 
JUD'GES, a duller of rocks off Cape Deferada, near 
the coaft of Terra del Fuego. 
JUD'GESHIP,yi The office of a judge; a judge. A 
ludicrous word. 
JUD'GING, f. The aft of paffing judgment. 
JUDG'MENT, f. \_jugement, Fr.] The power of difeern- 
ing the relations between one term or one propofition and 
another.—The faculty, which God has given men to fup- 
ply the want of certain knowledge, is judgment, whereby 
the mind takes any propofition to be true or falfe, without 
perceiving a demonllrative evidence in the proofs. Locke » 
O judgment! thou art fled to brutifti beafts. 
And men have loft their reafon. Shakefp. Julius Cafar, 
Doom; the right or power of paffing judgment: 
If my fufpeft be falfe, forgive me, God; 
For judgment only doth belong to thee. Skakefpearc. 
The aft of exercifing judicature; judicatory: 
When thou, O Lord, lhalt Hand dilclos’d 
In majefty fevere. 
And fit in judgment on my foul, 
Oh ! how fhall I appear ? Addifon's Speflatcr. 
Determination; decifion.—Reafon ought to accompany 
the exercife of our fenfes, whenever we would form a julfc 
judgment of things propofed to our inquiry. Watts. —The 
quality of diltinguilhing propriety and impropriety ; cri- 
ticifm.— Judgment, a cool and flow faculty, attends not a 
man in the rapture of poetical compofition. Dennis. 
’Tis with our judgments as our watches, none 
Go juft alike; yet each believes his owm. Pope. 
Opinion ; notion: 
I fee men’s judgments are 
A parcel of their fortunes, and things outward 
Draw the inward quality after them. 
To fuller all alike. Skakejpcare. 
Sentence againft a criminal.—The chief prielts informed 
me, defiring to have judgment againft him. Adis xxv. 15. 
When he was brought again to th’ bar, to hear 
His knell rung out, his judgment, he was ltirr’d 
With agony. Shakejp. Henry VIII. 
Condemnation. This is a theological ufe. —The judgment 
was by one to condemnation ; but the free gift is of many 
offences unto juftification. Rom. v. 16.—The precepts, 
promifes, and threatenings, of the Gofpel will rife up in 
judgment againit us, and the articles of our faith will be fo 
many articles of accufation. Tillotfon. —Punilhment inflift- 
ed by Providence, with reference to fome particular crime, 
■—We cannot be guilty of greater uncharitablenefs, than 
to interpret afflictions as punilhments and judgments: it 
aggravates the evil to him who fullers, when he looks 
upon himfelf as the mark of divine vengeance. Addifon's 
Speflator. 
This judgment of the heavens that makes us tremble. 
Touches us not with pity. Shakefp. King Lear. 
Diftribution of juftice.—In judgments between rich and 
poor, confider not what the poor man needs, but what is 
his own, Taylor. 
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