J U D 
crime ; and, on his behaving impudently, his punifhment was 
increafed. i Salk. 401. No judgment or punifbment can 
be inflicted unknown to our laws; but ortly by aft of 
parliament. Dalif. 20. And the law makes no diftinftion, 
in fixed and ftated judgments, between a peer and a com¬ 
moner ; or between a common and ordinary cafe and one 
extraordinary, z Hawk. P . C. c. 4.8. § 2. 
Judgment cannot be given for a corporal punifhment 
in the abfence of the party. 1 Salk. 400. Though per- 
fons may have judgment to be fined in their abfence, hav¬ 
ing a clerk in court to undertake for the fine. 1 Salk. 56. 
JUDGMENT-DA Y, /. That great and folemn day, at 
the end of the world, when is to be pronounced a fo¬ 
lemn confirmation of the particular judgment palfed on 
every perfon at death. Cirri ft is to be the judge, (Afts 
xvii. 31.) being appointed by the Father, John v. 22-27. 
He is to appear with all the awful enfigns of divine ma- 
jefty, fitting on a cloud, as on a triumphal chariot, and 
accompanied with innumerable angels as his guard, 
(Matlh. xxv. 31.) and this is to be the higheft ltep of his 
exaltation. Then there will be a feparation of the good 
from the bad, called that of the fiieep from the goats, 
Matth. ocxv. 32, 33. The law, both natural and revealed, 
as either or both were known, is to be the rule of judg¬ 
ment; confequently, the more a perfon knows about the 
will and law of God, the more fevere and ftrift the judg¬ 
ment. As the aftions of men are either internal or ex¬ 
ternal, and the former either thole of the underitanding 
the will, which lad being either appetition or averfion, 
thefe alone are the objefts of judgment, not the operations 
of the underftanding ;. for every judicial lenience prefup- 
pofes imputnbility, which requires both underitanding 
and will, and not underitanding fingly. External aftions, 
or thofe of the body and mind harmonically conjoined, 
regard either God, ourielves, or others ; by doing what 
God forbids, or omitting what he commands; and fuch 
actions, proceeding both from the underitanding and will, 
are objefts of judgment, or liable to be judged. The fen- 
tence palfed 011 the finally impenitent and unbelieving 
mult of necelfity be condemnatory, becaufe of their break¬ 
ing the divine law. Angels alfo mult be judged ; for, be¬ 
ing creatures, and capable of reward and punifhment, they 
mult be called to account in the fame manner as men, 
and be punifhed or rewarded as they deferve. Upon judg¬ 
ment or fentence being palled, either of abl'olution or con¬ 
demnation, it is direftly to be put in execution, and each 
affigned to a ltate of happinefs or mifery. 
Far be it from us to prefume to calculate or to guefs how 
near or how diftant this great and terrible day may be. Our 
duty is onty to endeavour to be always ready for its occur¬ 
rence, to watch and pray. How many prefumptuous men 
have written volumes upon this fubjeft, or have fet thern- 
ielves up to know what cannot be known ! We lhall 
mention but two, wherein very great names are implicated. 
In the time of Luther, lived one Michael Stifelius, who, 
applying to himfelf fome place in the Revelation, took 
iipon him to prophefy. He foretold, that before the 29th 
of September, 1533, the world would be at an end. Lu¬ 
ther, it is faid, was fome what ftartled, the man being fo 
very confident. The day being pall, Stifelius came a fe- 
cond time to Luther, with new calculations, to demon- 
ftrate that the end of the world would be in Oftober fol¬ 
lowing. He was then commanded to ceafe from prophe- 
i'ying; and, when that month and fome others had palled, 
he was thrown into prifon for his obltinacy. 
That learned and accurate mathematician, John Napier, 
lord ot Marcheftown, publilhed, in 1593, A Plaine Dil'co- 
very of the whole Revelation of St. John ; in which, from 
certain calculation, he lays it down as very certain that 
the world could not .laft longer than the year 1786 : “Not 
that 1 mean,” fays he, “that that.age [the feventh age., 
betokened by the feventh vial, and trumpet], or yet the 
world, Hull continue fo long, becaufe it is laid, that for the 
cleft’s fake the time lhall be Ihortened; but I mean, that, 
Vol. XI. No. 770. 
J U D -485 
if the wotld were to endure, that feventh age ihquld con¬ 
tinue until the year of Chrift 1786.” Taking up the fub¬ 
jeft again, he endeavours to prove, by a great variety of 
calculations formed on the 1335 days mentioned by Da¬ 
niel, ch. xii. ver. it. and the period of the three thunder¬ 
ing angels, Rev. viii. ix. that by the former it appears the 
day of judgment will take place in the year 1700, and by 
the latter in 1688 ; whence “it may be confidently ex- 
pefted that this awful day lhall take place between thefe 
two periods.” 
Upon thefe prediftions, and the author of them, Dr, 
Clarke, in the General Preface to his Bible, now publish¬ 
ing, fpeaks as follows: “We, who have lived to A.D. 
1810, fee the fallacy of thefe prediftive calculations; and 
with fuch an example before us, of the miscarriage of the 
the firlt mathematician in Europe in his endeavours to 
folve the prophetical periods marked in this molt obfcure 
book, we Ihould proceed in fuch refearches with humility 
and caution ; nor prefume to afcertain the times and the 
feafons which the Father has referved ir, his own power. 
I may venture to affirm, fo very phufible were the rea- 
fonings and calculations of lord Napier, that fcarcel’y a 
protelfant in Europe who read his work but was of the 
fame opinion. And how deplorably has the event fal- 
filled the-prediftions of this eminent and pious man I. 
And yet, unawed by his mifcarriage, calculators and read)/ 
reckoners, in every fucceeding age, on lefs fpecious pre¬ 
tences, with minor qualifications, and a lefs vigorous pi¬ 
nion, have endeavoured to foar where Napier funk! 
Their labours, however well intended, only ferve to in- 
creafe the records of the weaknefs and folly of mankind ” 
Weaknefs and folly indeed ! when we are told in Scrip¬ 
ture, that of that day and that hour knoweth no man, no, not 
the angels which are in heaven, neither the Son, but the 
Father. Mark xiii. 32. 
JUDGMENT of GOD. See Judicium Dei. 
JUD'GMENT-SEAT,/ Seat of judgment: 
Then (hall th’ affembled nations of this earth 
From ev’ry quarter at the judgment-feat 
Unite. Giyn's Day of Judgment. 
JU'DICABLE, adj. [from judico, Lat. to judge.] Capa¬ 
ble of being judged. Scott. 
JU'DICATORY, adj. [from judico, Lat. to judge.] Be¬ 
longing to judgment. 
JU'DICATORY, /. Diftribution of juftice.—No fuch 
crime appeared as the lords, the fupreme court of judica¬ 
tory, would judge worthy of death. Clarendon. —Court of 
juftice.-—Human judicatories gave fentence on matters of 
right and wrong, but inquire not into bounty and bene¬ 
ficence. Atterbury. 
JUDICATURE, f. [ French ; iro\r\ judico, Lat.] Power 
of diltributing juftice,—The honour of the judges in their 
judicature is the king’s honour. Bacon's Advice to Villiers. — 
Court of juftice.—In judicatures, to take away the trumpet, 
the fcariet, the attendance, makes juftice naked as well as 
blind. South. —The extent of the judge’s jurifdiftion. 
JUDI'CIAL, adj. \_judicium, Lat.] Praftifed in the dif¬ 
tribution of public juftice.—What government can be 
without judicial proceedings? And what judicature with¬ 
out a religious oath ? Bentley. —Inflicted on as a penalty. 
—The reliftance of thofe will caufe a judicial hardnels. 
South. 
JUDI'CIAL, or Judiciary, Astrology; that relat¬ 
ing to the forming of judgments, and making prognofti- 
cations. See the article Astrology, vol. ii. 
JUDICI ALLY, adv. In the forms of legal juftice.—It 
will behove us to think that we fee God (till looking on, 
and weighing all our thoughts, words, and actions, in the 
balance of infallible juftice, and palling the fame judg¬ 
ment which he intends hereafter judicially to declare Grew. 
JUDI'CIALNESS,y. The ltate or quality of being ju¬ 
dicial. Scott. 
JUDl'CIARY, adj. \Judiciarc, Fr. judiciarius, Lat.} 
6 Ii Palling 
