486 J U D 
Pafling-judgment upon any thing.—Before weight be laid 
upon judiciary adrologers, the influence of conltellations 
ought to be made out. Boyle. 
JUDI'CIOUS,. ad), [judicieux, Fr.J Prudent; wife ; 
fkilful in any matter or affair.—We are beholden to judi¬ 
cious. writers of all ages for thofe difeoveries they have left 
behind them. Lqcke. 
For your hnfband, 
He’s noble, wife, judicious, and bed knows 
The fits o’' th’ feaion. S/iakcJpeare. 
JUDI'CIOUSLY, adv. [from judicious.} Skilfully; wife¬ 
ly ; with j till determination,-—Longinus has judicioujly 
preferred the Hub lime genius, that fometimes eits, to the 
middling or indifferent one, which makes few faults, but 
leldoni riles to excellence. Drydoi. 
So bold, yet fo jitdkiovjly you dare, 
That your lealt praife is to be regular. Dryden. 
JUDI'CIOUSNESS, f. [from judicious.] The Hate or 
quality of being judicious. 
JUDI'CIUM DET, [Lat. judgment of God.] A term 
applied by our anceftors to the now-prohibited trials of 
fecret crimes; as thole by arms, and lingle combat; and 
the ordeals, or thofe by fire, or red-hot pioughlhares, by 
plunging the arm in boiling water, or the whole body in 
cold water; in hopes Goa would work a miracle, rather 
than fuffer truth and innocence to perilh. Sifuper defen- 
dtre non pojjk, judicio Dei, foil, aqua vclJerro, fierct de co juf- 
titia. Thefe cultoms were a long time kept up even 
among Chriftians ; and they are bill in ufe in fome na¬ 
tions. Trials of this fort were ufually held in churches 
in prefence of the bilhops, priefts, and fecular judges ; af¬ 
ter three days fading, confeffion, communion, and many 
adjurations and ceremonies delcri-bed at large by Du Cange. 
See the article Ordeal. 
JU'DITH, [Heb. praifing or confefling.] A woman 
of the tribe.of Reuben, daughter of Merari, and widow of 
Manaffeh, celebrated for the deliverance of Bethulia be- 
fieged by Holofernes. Having given the outline of the 
dory under the word Holofernes, in the preceding vo¬ 
lume, we have now only to fpeak as to the authenticity of 
it. And fird we are told, that the day on which this vic¬ 
tory was obtained, was placed by the Hebrews among 
their feltivals ; but feveral learned men are of opinion, 
that there is no other feltival to be met with in the com¬ 
memoration of Judith’s victory, belides that which is ce¬ 
lebrated for the dedication or renovation of the temple 
by Judas Maccabseus, on the 2.5th Cafleu ; Leo of Mo¬ 
dena, and the Jevvilh calendar publilhed by Sigonius, place 
it on this day. The greated difficulty relating to the 
book of Judith is theimeof the bidory. The Greek and 
Syriac verfions feem to prove, that it was after the captivity 
of Babylon ; the Vulgate may be explained as referring to 
the time preceding that captivity. Great difficulties em- 
barrafs us in what manner foever we underhand it, and 
in what time foever we place it. Neither facred nor pro¬ 
fane hiftory, in the time of Manaffeh, or in that of Ze- 
dekiah, either before or after the captivity, fay any thing 
of a king cl Nineveh named Nabuchodnofor, who, in the 
twelfth and feventeenth year of his reign, conquered a 
king of the Medes called" Arphaxad. It would be very 
hard to find at this particular time a high pried of the 
Jews, whofe name was Joachim or Eliakirn. Ladiy, we 
meet with almod invincible difficulties, when we would 
reconcile the Greek text and the Syriac with the Latin 
of Sr. Jerome; and when we come to fcan every thing 
relating to the geography and other circumdances of this 
recital. Nor would there be perhaps lefs, were we to 
adhere only to the Vulgate, and’rejeft the Greek, Syriac, 
and old Italic, verfions. If the names were granted, there 
is another thing of more confequence, and that is, to know 
■which text to adopt, the Greek or the Latin ; as to the 
Syriqc, no one doubts but it was taken from the Greek. 
Now, if we read the Greek only, we mud fuppofe that the 
I V E- 
ftory of Judith was written and tranflated after the cap¬ 
tivity; hut, if we follow the Latin, it may be placed be¬ 
fore the captivity. The Greek text is very ancient; lorne 
tuppole it to be Theodotion’s, who lived under Commo- 
dus, after A.D. 180: but it is of greater antiquity ; be¬ 
ing cited by Clemens Romantis in his Epidle to the Co¬ 
rinthians, written above a hundred and twenty years be¬ 
fore. The Syriac is likewife very ancient, and tranflated 
from lome Greek text more correct than that we have at 
prefent, but the fame in fubdance. Whether therefore 
the hook of-Judith be authentic, is a point very much 
dilputed. There are a hundred difficulties darted con¬ 
cerning the perfons and other circumdances of this hif¬ 
tory. The Jews read it in Jerome’s time ; Clemens has cited 
it, as obferved before; and it is quoted in the Apoltolical 
Conditutions, fuppofed to be written by the fame Clemens. 
St. Jerome quotes it in his Epidle to Furia ; and in his 
Preface to the Book of Judith he fays, that the council of 
Nice received it among the canonical books; not that any 
canon was made on purpofe to approve it, for we know 
of none wherein there is any mention of it, and St. Je¬ 
rome himfelf does not produce any; but he knew perhaps 
that the fathers of that council had approved it, fince af¬ 
ter that council the fathers acknowledged it, and have 
cited it. St. Athanafius, or the author of the Synopfis 
which is alcribed to him, gives a fummary account of it, 
as of the other facred books. St. Augudine, and the 
whole African church, received it. Pope Innocent I. in 
his Epiftle to Exuperus, and pope Gelalius in the council 
of Rome, acknowledged it; and the council of Trent 
confirmed the book of Judith. Grotius and many other 
learned proteltants are of opinion, that this book is rather 
a parabolical than a real hiltory. In the judgment of Pri- 
deaux, it feems to carry with it the air of a true hiltory ill 
molt particulars, except that of the long-continued peace 
which is laid to have been procured by-Judith ; for, accord¬ 
ing to the accouot given of it in this book, it mud have 
laded eighty years, which is what the Jews never enjoyed 
from the time they w ; ere a nation, and what fcarcely any 
people ever did enjoy, which therefore he allows to be a 
fiftion, though ovherwife inclined to think the book to 
contain a true hiltory. The proteltants regard this as an 
apocryphal book ; and M. Sauri-n has fully proved, that 
the events therein related could not have happened either 
before or after the captivity ; confequently, that they 
could not have happened at all. 
JU'DITH POINT, the fouth-eafternmoft point of 
Rhode-Ifland State, fituated on the fea-coaltof Walhing- 
ton county, in South-Kingdon . townlhip. 
JUDO'IGNE, or Gel'denacken, a town of France, in 
the department of the Dyle, on the Geete ; near it are 
the ruins of an ancient cable, where the children of the. 
dukes of Brabant were heretofore brought up, on account 
of the excellency of the air. Godefroi III. duke of Bra¬ 
bant, enlarged and embellifhed the town in 1155. In. 
157k, the troops of the prince of Orange fet fire to it, 
which confumed a confiderable part: twelve miles fouth- 
fouth-ead of Louvaine, and twenty-five wed of Liege. 
JUDO'MA, a river of Ruffia, in the government of Ir- 
kutfk, which joins the Maia in lat. 58. 50. N. Ion. 135. 
14. E. 
JUDQM'SKOI KREST, a fortrefs of Ruffa, in the go¬ 
vernment of Irkutik, on the banks of Judoma. On an 
eminence at a little didance from the river are fome maga¬ 
zines, guarded by four loldiers, which ferve as an alylum 
when the habitations are overflowed by the river: two 
miles welf-north-weft of Ochotlk. 
JUDOO'K, a town of Bengal: eighteen miles north of 
Dacca. 
JUDO'SA BAY, in Louifiana, lies in the north-weft, 
corner of the Gulf of Mexico. A chain of iliands form a 
communication between it fouth-weftward of Bernard's 
Bay. 
IVE'ACH, the name of two baronies of Ireland, in the 
county of Down, and provice of Ulder. They are diitin- 
guilhed 
