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JUG 
JUG, adv. [from the fub.~] With the note of the night¬ 
ingale.— Jug, Jug, went the nightingale. Ajh. 
JUG, a river of Ruffia, which runs into the Dwina, 
near Ufting, in the government of Vologda. 
JU'GA, [from jugo, Lat. to yoke.] In heathen my¬ 
thology, one of the names of Juno, fo called as being the 
patronefs of matrimony. 
JU'GAL, adj. [from jugo, Lat. to yoke.] Belonging 
to matrimony. Bailey. 
JUGA'LE, /. in anatomy, the cheek-bone. 
JU'GANG, a town of Thibet: thirty miles eaft-north- 
eaft of Zuenga. 
JUGAN'TES, a people of Britain. Tacitvs. 
To JU'GATE, v. a. [from jugo, Lat. to yoke.] To cou¬ 
ple together. Bailey. 
JUGATFNUS, [from jugo, Lat. a yoke.] In heathen 
mythology, one of the gods prefiding over nuptials. 
JUGDAL'LIK, a town of Candahar, on tlie Kameh : 
thirty-five miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Cabul. 
JUGDEE'S, a town of Hindooltan, in Oude: thirteen 
miles north-eaft of Allahabad. 
JUGDISPOU'R, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar : fif¬ 
teen miles fouth-weft of Arrah. Lat. 25. 27. N. Ion. 83. 
36. E. 
JUGDISPOU'R, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar: eight 
miles Couth of Bettiah. Lat. 26. 39. N. Ion. 84. 51. E. 
JUGDISPOU'R, a town of Hindooltan, in Oude : for¬ 
ty-four miles north of Manickpour. 
JUGDISPOU'R, a town of Hindooftan, in Oude : for- 
tj-fix miles weft-fouth-weft of Kairabad. 
JU'GERUM, f. in Roman antiquity, a meafure of land 
containing fomething more than an acre and a half. 
JUGG, J. A Hindoo (acrifice, which is celebrated by 
pitching a tent on a feleft fpot of ground, and making a 
fire there ; ghee is then poured on the fire, and prayers 
are at the fame time offered to their deities. 
To JUG'GLE, v. n. [ jougler or jongler, Yr. jocular i, Lat.] 
To play tricks by Height ot hand ; to fliow fali’e appearances 
-of extraordinary performances.—The ancient miracle of 
Memnon’s ftatue feems to be a juggling of the Ethiopian 
priefts. Digby.—’To praftife artifice or impofture : 
They ne’er forfwore .themfelves, nor lied ; 
Difdain’d to ftay for friends’ confents, 
-Nor juggled about fettlements. Hudibras. 
JUG'GLE, / A trick by legerdemain.—An impofture; 
a deception.—The notion was not the invention of poli¬ 
ticians, and a juggle of ftate to cozen the people into obe¬ 
dience. Ttllotfon. 
JUG'GLER, f. One who praflifes flight of hand; one 
who deceives the eye by nimble conveyance.—I faw a 
juggler that had a pair of cards, and would tell a man what 
card he thought. Bacon. —One who is managed by a jug¬ 
gler fancies he has money in hand ; but, let him grafp it 
never fo carefully, upon a word or two it increafes or 
dwindles. Addi/on's Freeholder. 
They fay this town is full of cozenage, 
As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye, 
Drug-working forcerers that change the mind, 
Difguifed cheaters, prating mountebanks, 
And many fuch-like libertines of fin. Shakefpearc. 
A cheat; a trickifh fellow : 
O me, you juggler ; O you canker-bloffom, 
You thief of love; what, have you come by night, 
And ftol’n my love’s heart from him ? ShakcJ'peare. 
The profeffion of a juggler has not been often deemed 
either refpetlable or ufeful. Yet profeffor Beckmann de¬ 
fends fuch people, and pleads ably the caufe of the prac- 
tifers of legerdemain, in the third volume of his Hiftory 
of Inventions, including rope-dancers, and fuch as exhi¬ 
bit feats of uncommon ftrength. He places all thefe un¬ 
der the general denomination of jugglers; and, taking it 
fer granted that every ufeful employment is full, he con- 
J U G 
tends that there would not be room on the earth for all 
its prefent inhabitants, did not fome of them praclife the 
art of juggling. This is a very poor apology. 
JUG'GLING, f. The pradiice or art of a juggler. 
People of this defeription will never want encouragement 
and fupport, while they exhibit: with confidence any firing 
uncommon, and know how to fuit the nature of their 
amufements to the tafte of the fpeftators. The greater 
part of mankind love deception fo much, that they reward 
liberally thofe who impofe on their fenfes, as is proved by 
the ready fale of gilt articles, artificial gems, and a thou- 
fand other things which are not in reality what they ap¬ 
pear to be. We do not know whether Montaigne is right 
in confidering it as a fign of the weaknefs of our judg¬ 
ment, that we take a pleafure in beholding objects on ac¬ 
count of their rarity, novelty, or the difficulty that at r 
tends them, though they may be flubfervient to no ufeful 
purpofe. This appears to proceed from that innate cu- 
riofity which ferves as a fpur to incite us to enlarge our 
knowledge, and to engage in refearches and undertakings 
that often lead to difeoveries of great importance. Jug¬ 
glers, indeed, feldom exhibit any thing that can appear 
wonderful to thofe acquainted with natural philolophy 
and mathematics; but even thefe often find fatisfaftion in 
feeing truths already known to them applied in a new 
manner ; and they readily embrace every opportunity of 
having them farther illuftrated by experiments. And it 
often happens, that what ignorant perfons firft employ 
merely as a fliow, for amufement or deception, is after¬ 
wards ennobled by being applied to a more important 
purpofe. The machine with which a Savoyard, by means 
of fhadows, amuled children and the populace, was by 
Liberkuhn converted into a folar microfcope. 
Had that book which Celfus wrote againft the Magi 
been preferved, we fhould have been much better ac¬ 
quainted with the arts of the ancient conjurors, or jug¬ 
glers. This Celfus, without doubt, is the fame author 
\vhofe virulent attack againft the Chriftians was refuted 
by Origen ; and we have, therefore, greater caufe to re¬ 
gret that a work on the above fubjeft, by fo learned and 
acute a philofopher, fhould have been lolt. He is men¬ 
tioned with refpeft by Lucian, and even by Origen. More 
ancient authors alfo wrote upon the fame fubjebt. Some 
of them are mentioned by Diogenes Laertius in bis pre¬ 
face ; and Suidas quotes the Magicon of Antifthenes; 
though neither of thefe fpeaks of Celfus. But of all thofe 
writings none are now extant. 
The deception of breathing out flames, which ftill ex¬ 
cites, in a particular manner, the aftoniihment of the ig¬ 
norant, is very ancient. When the flaves in Sicily, about 
a century and a half before our sera, made a formidable 
infurredfion, and avenged themfelves in a cruel manner 
for the feverities which they had fuffered, there was amongft 
them a Syrian named Eunus, a man of great craft and 
courage, who, having palled through many fcenes of life, 
had become acquainted with a variety of arts. He pre¬ 
tended to have immediate communication with the gods ; 
was the oracle and leader of his fellow-flaves ; and, as is 
ufual on fuch occafions, confirmed his divine million by 
miracles. When, heated by enthufiafm, lie was defirous 
of infpiring bis follow.ers with courage, he breathed flames 
or fparks among them from his mouth while he was ad- 
drefting them. We are told by hiftorians, that for this 
purpofe he pierced a nut-fhell at both ends, and, having 
filled it with a burning fubftance, put it into his mouth 
and breathed through it. This deception, at prefent, is 
performed much better. The juggler rolls together loom 
flax or hemp, fo as to form a ball about the fize of a wal¬ 
nut ; fets it on fire ; and differs it to burn till it is nearly 
confumed ; he then rolls round it, while burning, fome 
more flax; and by thefe means the fire may be retained in 
it for a long time. When he wifhes to exhibit, he flips 
the ball unperceived into his mouth, and breathes through 
it; which again revives the fire, fo that a number of weak, 
iparks proceed from it; and the performer luftains no 
hurt. 
