JUG 
the fun, and lay them up in a dry place, where mice or 
other vermin cannot come to them, in which place they 
will remain good for four or five months ; but there are 
fome perfons who put their walnuts into an oven gently 
heated, where they let them remain four or five hours to 
dry, and then put them up in oil-jars, or any other clofe 
veffel, mixing them with dry fand, by which method they 
•will keep good fix months. The putting them in the oven 
is to dry the germ, and prevent their fprouting ; but if the 
oven be too hot it will caufe them to (brink. 
In fetting the nuts, Dr. Hunter recommends drills to 
be made at one foot afunder, and two inches and a half 
deep, into which put the nuts four inches apart. Mr. 
Evelyn advifes fome furze to be chopped among them, to 
preferve them from vermin. The fpring following the 
plants will come up ; and in two years they will be of a 
proper fize to plant out in the nurfery. There, having 
fhortened their tap-roots, plant them in rows two feet and 
a half afunder, and at the didance of a foot and a half in 
the rows. Here they may remain till they are of a proper 
fize for their final planting. If they are to be planted in 
fields, they (hould be out of the reach of cattle, before they 
come out of the nurfery; but thefe fhould be removed 
with great caution ; the knife fhould be very fparingly ap¬ 
plied to the roots ; and they fhould be planted as loon as 
poflible after taking up, foon after the fall of the leaf. 
In raifing the walnut for fruit, Mr. Boutcher recom¬ 
mends flat Hones, tile-fherds, or Hates, to be buried eight 
inches deep under the nuts when they are fet: the diftance 
to be fix inches, and the depth two inches. After two fea- 
fons, remove them early in autumn, and plant them four¬ 
teen or fixteen inches afunder, on the fame kind of bot¬ 
tom, or any hard rubbifh, to prevent them from ftriking 
downwards, and to induce them to fpread their roots on the 
furface. At the end of two or three years repeat this again, 
making the bedding at the depth of fifteen or fixteen inches, 
and planting them two feet afunder ; here let them remain 
three or four years, when they will be fit to remove for 
the lad time. The foil for fruit fliould be diy and found, 
with a Tandy, gravelly, or chalky, bottom. The trees ma¬ 
naged in this way will have higher-flavoured fruit that 
ripens earlier, and they will bear a plentiful crop twenty 
years fooner than in the ufual method. The belt manure 
for them is afhes, fpread the beginning of winter, the land 
having been firft ploughed or dug. 
All the other forts are propagated in the fame way, but, 
as few of the forts produce fruit in England, their nuts 
mull be procured from North America; they fliould be 
gathered when fully ripe, and put up in dry fand, to pre- 
lerve them in their paffage to England; when they arrive 
here, the fooner they are planted the greater chance there 
will be of their fucceeding ; when the plants come up, 
keep them clean from weeds ; and, if they {hoot late in the 
autumn, and their tops are full of Tap, cover them with 
mats, or other light covering, to prevent the early frolts 
from pinching their tender {hoots, which often caufes them 
to die down a confiderable length before the fpring ; but, 
if they are fcreened from thefe early frofts, the lhoots will 
become firmer and better able to refill the cold. Some of 
the forts, being tender whilft young, require a little care 
for the two firlt winters, but afterwards will be hardy 
enough to refill the greatell cold of this country. The 
black Virginia walnut is full as hardy as the common fort. 
They all require the fame culture as the common walnut; 
but grow belt in a foft loamy foil, not too dry, and where 
there is a depth of foil for their roots to run down. The 
liickery, when young, is very tough and pliable; (ticks of 
it therefore are much edeemed ; but the wood, when large, 
being very brittle, is not of any great ufe. The black 
Virginia walnut is the molt valuable. 
If thefe trees be intended to form a wood, for which 
purpofe they anfwer extremely well. Dr. Hunter advifes 
to take them out of the nurfery when they are three or 
four feet high, and to plant them three yards afunder ; 
thinning them when their heads begin to interfere. Thus 
Vol. XI. No. 771. 
JUG 505 
thefe large and branching trees will be drawn up with beau¬ 
tiful ftems to a great height. 
For raifing timber, Mr. Boutcher recommends to fet the 
nuts in February, in drills five feet afunder, eighteen inches 
aidant in the rows, and two or three inches deep ; taking 
up every other plant after two years. They may Hand 
thus four or five years longer, the ground between being 
cropped with turnips, carrots, beans, cabbages, or other 
kitchen-garden plants. From time to time the lead pro- 
mifing may be cut off below ground, when they are near 
touching each other, till they are left at the diftance of 
about thirty feet. The fize to which the walnut will at¬ 
tain may be judged of from what Scamozzi the architect 
fays, as Mr. Evelyn reports ; that he faw a table of wal¬ 
nut-tree in Lorrain, all of one piece, which was twenty- 
five feet in breadth, of competent length and thicknefs. 
JUGNAC', a town of France, in the department of the 
Charente : fifteen miles fouth of Angoulefme. 
JUGON', a town of France, in the department of the 
North Coads, on the Arquenon, containing about feven 
hundred inhabitants: nine miles fouth-eaft of Lamballe, 
and ten weft: of Dinan. 
JUGO'RA, a confiderable province of Mufcovy, de¬ 
pending on the government of Archangel. It has the ti¬ 
tle of a duchy; and is inhabited by a kind of Tartars) 
who are very favage, and much of the fame difpofition 
with the Samoiedes. 
JU'GRAT, a town of Hindoollan, in the circar of 
Chanderee : fifteen miles north of Chanderee. 
JU'GULAR, adj. \_jugulum, Lat.J Belonging to the 
throat.—A gentleman was wounded into the internal ju¬ 
gular, through his neck. WiJ'eman’s Surgery. 
JUGULA'RES, f. In the Linnaean lyftern, the name of 
the fecond order of fifties, the general charaCler of which 
is, that the ventral fins are placed before the pectorals. See 
Ichthyology, vol. x. p. 743. 
To JU'GULATE, v. a. [from jugulo , Lat. to kill.] To 
cut the throat; to kill. Bailey. 
JUGULA'TION, f. The aCt of cutting the throat. 
Phillips. 
JU'GULUM, f. In anatomy, that part of the neck 
where the windpipe lies; the bone of the neck ; the upper 
part of the bread-bone. 
JU'GUM,/ [Latin.] A yoke ; a couple ; a pair. 
JU'GUM, f. An humiliating mode of puniftiment in¬ 
flicted by the victorious Romans upon their vanquifhed 
enemies. They fet up two fpears, and, laying a third 
acrofs, in the form of a gallows, they ordered thofe who 
had furrendered themfelves to pais under this ignominious 
ereCtion, without arms or belts. None fuffered this dis¬ 
grace of pafling fub jugo but fuch as had been obliged to 
furrender. 
JU'GUMENT, f. [from jugum, Lat.] A. pair; two 
united ; the double balance of a time-piece. Harrijon. 
JUGUR'THA, king of Numidia, was the natural Ton 
of Manadabal, one of the three Tons of Mafliniffa, who, 
after the death of that prince, poffefled the kingdom joint¬ 
ly. Micipfa, the furvivor of the three, had two fons, Ad- 
herbal and Hiempfal, with whom he brought up his ne<- 
phew Jugurtha, although from the illegitimacy of his 
birth he had no lawful title to (hare in the (ucceffion. Be¬ 
coming at length jealous of him, he fent him with a body 
of auxiliaries to the Romans befieging Numantia, B.C. 134, 
where he greatly diftingujlhed him (elf for valour and con- 
duCl. He returned with glory, bringing recommendatory 
letters from the confol, Scipio Africanus. By prudent 
behaviour he regained the confidence of his uncle Micipfa, 
fo as to be adopted by him, and thereby made capable of 
fucceeding along with that prince’s own children. After 
the death of Micipfa, Jugurtha, as the elded of the princes, 
affumed a fuperiority which excited the jealoufy of Hiemp¬ 
fal, and induced him to make {ome keen reflections on 
his coufin’s right to partake in the lovereignty. Jugurtha, 
dung by the affront, and goaded by ambition, can led the 
young prince to be treacheroufly aflfaflinated. Ad herbal, 
6 N dreading 
