J U L 
will be the year of the Julian period : thus, to 4713 ad¬ 
ding 1812, the fum 6535, is the year of this period for 
theyear of Chrift 1812. Hence the (li ft revolution of the 
Julian period will not be completed till the year of Chrift 
3267, after which a new revolution of this period will 
commence. 
JU'LIAN YE'AR. See Chronology, vol. iv. p. 533. 
JULIA'NA, a woman’s name. 
JU'LIEN (Simon), an eminent modern French painter, 
and member of the ancient academy of painting at Paris. 
He was born at Toulon in the year 1736 ; and died at 
Paris on the 23d of February, 1800, aged fixty-four. He 
was firft a pupil of Dandre Baidoti at Marleilles, and af¬ 
terwards of Carlo Vanloo at Paris, when, having gained 
the prize of the academy, he was fent to the French fchool 
at Rome under Natoire. The viewing the ancient and 
modern chef-d’ceuvres of that city, determined him to aban¬ 
don the manner which they taught at Paris, and to give 
himfelf up to that of the great matters of Italy. This bold 
change was a trait of genius that aftonifhed his comrades, 
and obtained him the name of Julien the Apo/late, to dif- 
tinguifti him from the other three Juliens of the fame 
fchool. Fie advanced rapidly in the department of hifto- 
rical painting, his fucceffes in which occafioned him to pro¬ 
long his ftay at Rome, where he pafled ten years. Re¬ 
turning to Paris, he loon diftinguifhed himfelf there by 
feveral valuable works. He painted for the hotel of the 
princefs Kinfki a St. Dominic, and feveral decorations for 
ceilings, mentioned in theRecueil des Curiofites de Paris, 
and which attracted the attention of connoilfeurs and ftran- 
gers. Among the works which he. expofed to the aca¬ 
demy, when nominated a member, was the Triumph of 
Aurelian, executed for the due de la Rochefoucault. In 
the laloon of St. Louis, in 1788, he exhibited his picture, 
reprefenting Study fpreading her flowers over Time,, a 
work of admirable compofltion, and which for colouring 
might be compared with the belt paintings of Lafofle. 
This picture was fent into England, Where the print of it 
remains at this time. A little before the revolution, Ju¬ 
lien finifhed a picture the fubjeCt of which was Aurora 
quitting the arms of Titan, riling up in his Car, and fcat- 
tering the dew and flowers on the earth. This was in¬ 
tended for the academy on his admiiflon, but, as that fo- 
ciety was deftreyed, Julien kept the piffure, and it is now 
in the hands of his luccelfors. The laft important work 
that Julien executed, was an altar-piece for the chapel of 
the archbilhop of Paris at Conflans, reprefenting St. An¬ 
thony in a trance. He has left a great many valuable 
drawings behind him, which will further contribute to 
tranfrnit his talents and his memory to pofterity. 
JULIEN'NE. See Neybe. 
JIFLIERS (duchy of), late a country of Germany, at 
prefent annexed to France, forming a portion of the de¬ 
partment of the Roer. Before the late war, it was bounded 
on the north by the duchy of Gueldres, on the eaft by 
the electorate of Cologne and the Rhine, on the fouth by 
the territories of Blankenheim and Schleiden, and on the 
weft by the bilhopric of Liege; the duchy of Gueldres, 
and theMeufe. This country enjoys a fruitful foil, which 
produces all forts of corn in abundance, together with 
good meadow and pafture land. The breed of cattle here 
is confiderable ; and in particular it has a good breed of 
horfes, which are partly fent to the neighbouring coun¬ 
tries, and partly to France. Much wood alfo is cultivated 
here, and linen manufactured. Near Efchweller is found 
ftone-coal. In this country are tvventy-fix towns, andabout 
eleven freedoms and boroughs. In the tenth century, Ju- 
Jiers was governed by a count; in the year 1337, it was 
ereCted into a margravate; and in 1356, into a dukedom; 
after pafling through the power of feveral families, it 
came, in the year 1742, by agreement with the king of 
Pruflia, together with Berg and Ravenftein, to the houfe 
of Sulzbach, elector palatine. Neither Juliers nor Berg 
had a voice in the college of princes. To the inpofts, 
however, Juliers was charged iu the matricula 639 florins. 
J u L 511 
45 kruitzers; and Berg, 284 florins, 4kruitzers. Both 
duchies together paid for each chamber term 676 rix- 
dollars, 26^ kruitzers. 
JU'LIERS, a town of France, in the department of the 
Roer, late a city of Germany, and capital of the duchy of 
the fame name, fituated on the Roer. It is faid to have 
received its name from the Romans. It is lmall but ftrong, 
and has a regular citadel. It contains a church and a 
convent. Without the walls are a Calvinift and a Luthe¬ 
ran church. This city furrendered at dilcretion to the 
troops of the French republic in October 1794, after a 
battle between the Auftrians and the French, in which 
the former loft upwards of 400 men, killed and wounded, 
and 800 prifoners. The arfenal was well provided, and 
furnifned with fixty pieces of cannon, and 5o,ooolbs. of 
powder : twenty-two miles weft of Cologne, and tbirty- 
leven north-eaft of Liege. Lat. 50. 54. N. Ion. 6. 18. E. 
JULIET (Mount), in North America, lies on the 
north fide of Illinois river, oppofite the place where that 
river is formed by the junction of Theakiki and Plein ri¬ 
vers. The middle of Mount Juliet is in lat. 43. 5. N. 
Ion. 88. 44. W. 
JULIFUN'DA, a town of Africa, in the country of 
Dentila : ten miles weft of Baniferile. 
JU'LII, a family of Alba, brought to Rome by Romu¬ 
lus, where they loon rofe to the greateft honours of the 
ftate. Julius Casfar and Auguftus were of this family 5 
and it was faid, perhaps through flattery, that they were 
lineally defeended from Asneas, the founder of Lavinium„ 
JU'LIO, J A Spanilh or Italian coin, in value about 
fixpence. 
JU'LIQ, a mountain of the Grifons, north of the Up¬ 
per Engadine : eight miles fouth-weit of Zulz. 
JU'LIO ROMA'NO, an eminent painter, was born at 
Rome in 1492. Nothing is known of his parentage, ex¬ 
cept that his family-name was Pipi. Fie was educated in 
the fchool of Raphael, of whom he became the favourite 
difciple. That great painter entrufted him with the exe¬ 
cution of fome of his fineft defigns, and he is faid to have 
put in them more fire and aCtion than was ufual with the 
mafter himfelf. When left to his own guidance, Julio 
difplayed a great fertility of invention and grandeur of 
tafte, joined with a fund of erudition, and acquaintance 
with every branch of the art; but at the fame time ah ex¬ 
travagance and wildnefs of fancy, and ideas rather drawn 
from the ftudy of the antique than of nature. His co¬ 
louring was defective, and marked with a predominance 
of the red and black, and his manner was hard and dry. 
Hence he is more valued for his defigns than his finilhed 
paintings. His works, however, are always charaCteriled 
by fpirit and an air of greatnefs, and he maintains a c;ju- 
fpicuous place among the men of genius in his profelfion. 
After the death of Raphael, who made him one of his 
heirs, he was engaged to finifh the works commenced un¬ 
der him, particularly the hall of Conltaritine in the Vati¬ 
can. He then took a houfe of his own, and painted works 
for feveral towns, likevvife giving defigns for palaces and 
other buildings, as an architect. An invitation from the 
duke of Mantua drew him to that city, where he was very 
liberally entertained, and railed a confiderable fortune. 
By his removal thither he alio efcaped punifhment for the 
twenty indecent defigns, commonly called Ardtnesfigures , 
which he made to be engraved by Marc-Antonio, and 
which drew a ftorm upon that artift, who remained at 
Rome. Julio employed all his art in adorning the palace 
of the duke of Mantua, both as an architect and a painter. 
His molt famous work in the latter capacity is a faloon, in 
which the giants are reprefented ftruck by the thunder¬ 
bolts of Jupiter. He alfo painted the war of Troy in this 
palace, and decorated feveral of the country-feats of this 
prince with his works. The duke nominated him fuper- 
intendant of his buildings, and employed him in embel- 
lithing the ftreets of Mantua, and protecting them againft 
the inundations of the lake on which that city Hands. Ju¬ 
lio built himfelf a houfe there,, in which he formed a ca¬ 
binet. 
