5 24 
JUNIPERUS. 
globular, large, margined with a blunt rib, or four- 
grooved, yellowifh. Native of Siberia, and totally dif¬ 
ferent from J. Lycia. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants are all propagated 
by fo.wing their feeds, the beffc feafon for which is as foori 
as they are ripe, if they can then be procured; for, when 
they are kept until fpring before they are fown, they will 
not come tip until the l'econd year. The ground in which 
the feeds of the hardy forts are fown, fhould be frefh and 
light, but fhould not be dunged; it fhould be well dug, 
and levelled very even; then low your feed thereon pretty- 
thick, and fift fonts earth over them about half an inch 
thick ; this bed will require no farther care than only to 
keep it clear from weeds, and towards the middle or latter 
end of April you will find fome of your plants appear above 
ground, though perhaps the greateft part of them may lie 
till the fpring following before they come up; therefore 
you fhould carefully clear the beds from weeds, and in very 
dry weather refrefh them with fome water, which will 
greatly promote the growth of thofe plants which are up, 
and alfo caufe the other feeds to vegetate ; but, if the bed 
in which thefe are fown is much expofed to the fun, it 
fhould be fhaded with mats in the day; for, when the 
plants come firft up, they will not bear too much heat. 
In this bed they fhould remain till the next fpring or fe- 
cond autumn, when you muff prepare fome beds to tranf- 
plant them into, which fhould alfo be of light, frefh, un¬ 
changed, foil ; and, having well dug and cleanfed the ground 
from all noxious weeds and roots, you fhould make it le¬ 
vel ; and then, in the beginning of O&ober, which is the 
proper feafon for removing thefe plants, you fhould raife 
lip the young plants with a trowel, preserving as much 
earth as pofiible to their roots, and plant them into beds 
about five or fix inches afunder each way, (or eighteen 
inches by nine or ten,) giving them fome water to fettle 
the earth to their roots ; and, if it fhould prove very dry 
weather, you may lay a little mulch upon the furface of 
the ground round their roots, which will be of great fer- 
vice to the plants. But, as many of the feeds will be yet 
left in the ground where they are fown, the beds fhould 
not he difturbed too much in taking up the plants; for 
a bed fown with thefe berries has fupplied plants for three 
years drawing, fome of the berries having lain fo long in 
the ground before they fprouted ; therefore the furface of 
the beds fhould be kept level, and conflantly clean from 
weeds. 
The plants may remain two years in thefe beds, obferv- 
ing to keep them clear from weeds. In the fpring you 
fhould ftir the ground gently between them, that the roots 
may with greater eafe lirike into it; after which time they 
fhould be tranlplanted either into a nurfery, at the dillance 
of three feet row from row, and eighteen inches afunder 
in the row's, or into the places where they are to remain. 
The belt feafon to tranfpiant them, as before obferved, is 
in the beginning of Oftober, when you fhould take them 
up carefully, to preferve a ball of earth to their roots ; 
and, when planted, their roots fhould be mulched ; all 
which, if carefully attended to, as alfo obferving to re¬ 
frefh them with water in very dry weather until they have 
taken new root, will preferve them from the danger of 
not growing; and they, being extremely hardy in refpeft 
to cold, will defy the fevereft of our winters to injure 
them, provided they are not planted in a moift or rich foil. 
In order to have thefe trees afpire in height, their under 
branches fhould be taken off, efpecially where they are in¬ 
clined to grow ftrong, but they mult not be kept too 
clofely pruned, which would retard their growth ; for all 
thefe evergreen trees abound mo-e or lefs with a refinous 
juice, which in hot weather is very apt to flow out from 
fuch places as are wounded ; fo that it will not be advi- 
feable to takeoff too many branches at once, which would 
make fo many wounds, from which their fap in hot wea¬ 
ther wouid flow in fuch plenty as to render the trees weak 
and unhealthy. 
jTiie Virginian cedars grow to a very great height, and 
* 
in their native country afford excellent timber for many 
ufes ; but with us there are very few which are above 
twenty-five or thirty-feet high, though there is no doubt 
of their growing larger ; for they thrive very fait after the 
three firft years, and refill the ftiarpefl froft of our climate 
exceeding well; and are very apt to grow ftraight and re¬ 
gular, provided they are not fuffered to flioot out too much 
at bottom. Thefe plants are alfo propagated by feeds, 
which muft be procured from Virginia or Carolina, (for 
they rarely produce ripe feeds in England,) and fown as 
was directed for the other junipers ; but, as this feed can¬ 
not be procured in England till fpring, fo, when fown at 
that feafon, it remains in the ground until the fucceeding 
fpring before the plants appear; therefore you mull ob- 
lerve to keep the beds clear from weeds, and not fuffer 
the feeds to be difturbed, which is often the fault of fome 
impatient people, who think, becaufe the plants do not 
rife the firft year, that they will never come up, and fa 
dig up the ground again, whereby their feeds are buried i 
but, if they are fuffered to remain, they feldom fail to grow, 
though fometinies it is two years before they come up. 
When the plants come up, they muff; be carefully weeded ; 
and in dry weather fhould be refreflied with water, which 
will greatly forward their growth ; and the autumn fol¬ 
lowing they fhould have a little rotten tan laid between, 
them, to keep out the froft. In this bed the plants may 
remain till they have had two years growth ; then they 
fhould be tranlplanted into other beds, as was directed be¬ 
fore for the other forts, obferving to preferve a ball of 
earth to their roots; and after they are planted, if the fea¬ 
fon prove dry, they mull be carefully watered, and the 
furface of the ground covered with mulch, to prevent the 
fun and wind from entering the earth to dry the fibres ; 
but they fhould not be too much watered, which often 
proves injurious to thefe trees, by rotting their tender fi¬ 
bres foon after they are emitted, whereby the plants have 
been often deltroyed. In thefe beds they may remain two 
years, obferving to keep them clear from weeds ; and in 
winter you fhould lay a little frefh mulch upon the furface 
of the ground round their roots, which will prevent tlie 
froll from penetrating to them, and effetlually preferve 
them ; for, while the plants are fo young, they are liable 
to be injured by hard frofls, when much expofed there¬ 
to ; but, when they have attained a greater flrength, they 
will refill the fevereft of our cold. After two years, they 
fhould either be removed into a nurfery, (as direfiled for 
the common juniper,) or tranlplanted where they are de- 
figned to remain, obferving always to take them up care¬ 
fully, otherwife they are fubje< 5 l to fail upon tranfplanting j 
as alfo to mulch the ground, and water them as was be¬ 
fore directed, until they have taken root; after which they 
will require no farther care, than only to keep the ground 
clear about their roots, and to prune up their fide-branches 
to make them afpire in height. The foil in which you 
plant thefe trees fhould be frefh and light, but muft not 
be dunged, efpecially at the time when they are planted ; 
for dung is very hurtful to them, if it be not quite rotted 
to mould ; therefore the mulch which is laid upon the fur- 
face of the ground fhould not be dufig, but rather fome 
old tanners bark or fea-coal allies, which will prevent the 
froft from penetrating’deep in the ground. Thefe trees, 
being thus managed, will in a few years rife to a confide- 
rable ftature, and, by the variety of their evergreen leaves 
and manner of growth, will greatly add to the beauty of 
all plantations, if rightly dilpofed, which indeed is what 
we feldom obferve in any of the Englifh gardens or wil- 
dernefles ; for there are few people who confider the dif¬ 
ferent growths of the feveral trees with which they com- 
pofe fuch plantations, fo as to place the talleft-growing 
trees the backwardelt from fight, and the next degree to 
fucceed them, and fo gradually diminifhing till we come 
to the common juniper, and others of the fame growth j 
whereby all the trees will be feen, and the gradual decli¬ 
vity of their tops will appear like a verdant flope, and be 
much more agreeable to the fight, as alfo more advantage¬ 
ous 
