J U N 
was to the growth of the trees, than to place flirubs of 
humble growth near fuch plants as will grow to the fil'd 
magnitude, whereby the lhrub is hid from fight, and will 
be ovcrrfhadowed and deltroyed ; nor can the diftance 
which each tree requires be fix juftly proportioned any 
other way ; for, in this diftribution, the largeft trees, being 
feparated by themfelves, may be placed at a due diftance; 
and then thofe of a middling growth, fucceeding, may be 
accordingly allowed fufficient room ; and the fmaller, 
which are next the fight, being placed much clofer, will 
hide the naked Items of the larger trees, and have an agree¬ 
able effeCt to the fight. 
The Bermudas cedar, being a native of that ifland, and 
alfo of the Bahama Iflands, being much tenderer than any 
of the former forts, except that of Jamaica, is not likely 
to thrive well in this country ; for, although many of thefe 
plants have lived feveral years in the open air in England, 
yet, whenever a fevere winter happens, it either kills them, 
or fo much defaces them, that they do not recover their 
verdure in a year or two after. Thefe plants are propaga¬ 
ted by feeds in the fame manner as the former, with only 
this difference, that thefe Ihould be fown in pots or tubs 
of earth, that they may be removed into fiielter in the 
■winter-time, otherwife the young plants are often hurt by 
bard frofts; but they will require no more care than only 
to be placed under a common hot-bed frame, where the 
glaffes may be conftantly kept off in mild weather, when 
diey cannot have too much free air, and only covered in 
hard frofts. Thefe feeds conftantly remain in the ground 
until the fecond year before they come up, therefore the 
earth in the pots Ihould not be difturbed ; and in the fum- 
liier-time they Should be placed in the (bade, to prevent 
the earth from drying too faft ; and in very dry weather 
they ftiould be often watered ; but do not give too much 
water to them at once, which would rot the feeds. The 
fpring following, when the young plants come up, they 
mu ft be carefully cleared from weeds, and in dry weather 
refreshed with water; but ftiould ftand, during the fum- 
mer feafon, in a place defended from ftrong winds ; and 
in winter muft be placed under frames, where they may 
be covered in hard frofty weather, but muft have open air 
■when the weather is mild. Ixi April following you ftiould 
tranfplant them each into a fi.ngle halfpenny-pot filled with 
freflt light earth, being careful to raife them up with a ball 
of earth to their roots; and, when they are planted, you 
ihould water them, to fettle the earth to their roots; then 
place the pots in a warm fituation, where they may be de¬ 
fended from fun and wind ; but, if you will beftow a mo¬ 
derate hot-bed to plunge the pots in, it will greatly pro¬ 
mote their taking new root; however, you muft carefully 
defend them from the great heat of the fun, which is in¬ 
jurious to them when frelh removed ; but, when they have 
taken root, you may expofe them by degrees to the open 
air. If you fuffer the pots to remain plunged all the fum- 
roer, it will preferve the earth therein from drying fo faft 
as it would do if they were fet upon the ground. In Octo¬ 
ber you ftiould again remove thefe plants into (helter, or 
elfe plunge their pots into the ground under a warm hedge, 
where they may be protected from the cold north and ealt 
winds; and in the fpring following you muft fhift the 
plants into pots a fize larger, taking away fome of the earth 
from the outfide of the ball, and adding fome frefli, which 
will promote their growth ; and fo continue to manage 
them as was before diredled, until you plant them out in 
the places where they are defigned to remain 5 which 
ihould not be done till they are four or five years old, by 
which time they will be ftrong enough to bear the cold of 
our common winters. The reafon for directing thefe plants 
to be preferved in pots until they are planted out for good 
is, becaufe they are difficult to tranfplant, and, being ten¬ 
der, will require fome Shelter while young; and whoever 
obferves the method here laid down, will find the plants 
fo managed to gain two years growth in fix from thole 
raifed in the open air, and be. in lei’s danger of being de- 
Uroyed ; and, as the trouble and expence in raifing them 
this way is not great, it is worth pva&ifingj lines in a few 
Vet. XL No. 77b 
J U N 525 
years the trees will recompenfe the trouble. The timber 
oi this tree is of a reddilli colour, and very fweet, and is 
commonly known in England by the name of cedar-mood ; 
though there are divers lorts of wood called by that name,, 
which come from very different trees, efpecially in,the 
Weft Indies, where there are feveral trees of valtly diffe¬ 
rent appearances and genera, which have that appellation f 
it is this wood which is ufed for pencils, as alfo to wain- 
ffcot rooms, and make ftair-cafes, it enduring longer found, 
than molt other forts of timber, which perhaps may te 
owing to fome extreme bitter taftein therefin with which 
the tree abounds; for it is very remarkable, that the worms 
do not eat the bottoms of the veffels built with this wood, 
as they do thofe built with oak ; fo that the veffels built 
with cedar are much preferable to thole built with any 
other fort of timber, for the ufe of the Weft-India fe as': 
but it is not fit for Ships of war, the wood being fo brittle 
as to fplit to pieces with a cannon-ball. 
The Jamaica juniper, being more impatient of cold than 
the Bermudas, will not live through the winter in the 
open air in England, and the plants mult be preferved m 
pots and houfed in the winter; this is propagated by feed^, 
in the fame way as the Bermudas cedar; but, if the pots 
are plunged into a moderate hot-bed the fecond fpring af¬ 
ter the feeds are fown, it will bring up the plants fooner, 
and they will have more time to get ftrength before winter 
All the other forts, being hardy enough to live in the 
open air, are very well worth propagating, as they add to 
the variety of evergreen plantations; iome of the forts, 
riling to a very confiderable height, may prove to be ufe- 
ful timber, and may be adapted to fuch foils as will not 
fuit many other trees. The common favin ihould not be 
neglefted, becaufe it is fo very hardy as never to be in¬ 
jured by thefevereft froft; and, as this fpreads its branches 
near the ground, if the plants are placed on the borders 
of woods, they will have a good effect in winter, by fereen- 
ing the nakednel's.of the ground from light. The com¬ 
mon favin may be increaffed by flips, which will grow al- 
moft at any time. The upright favin alfo may be propa¬ 
gated by flips planted in moift weather in Auguft, and 
kept Ihaded and watered in dry weather afterwards. The 
ftriped favin muft be increaled the fame way, from the 
branches which are moft variegated. They may alfo be 
raifed by berries, when the plants produce any ; and by 
thefe the moft upright and belt plants are produced. Moft: 
of the forts may be propagated by cuttings, which, if plant¬ 
ed in autumn, (or at the end of Auguft,) in a lhady bor¬ 
der, will take root; but thofe plants which are raifed 
from cuttings will never grow fo upright, nor to fo large 
a fize, as the plants which are railed from feeds; fo that, 
when thefe can be procured, it is much the better me¬ 
thod, but the other is frequently pradtifed on thole forts 
which do not perfedt their feeds in England. As feve¬ 
ral of thefe forts grow to the height of eighteen or twenty 
feet, the procuring as many of the forts as can be got¬ 
ten from the countries of their growth will be adding 
to the variety of our evergreen plantations, which cannot 
be too much propagated in England, where, in general, our 
winters are temperate enough for them to thrive to advan¬ 
tage; and, as the forts which are a little more tender than 
the others obtain ftrength, they will be in lels danger of 
fuffering by fevere winters, as we find by many other 
plants, which were fo tender as not to live in the open air 
at firlt, but now defy the fevereft cold of our climate. 
JU'NISEN, a town of Sweden, in the lapmarkoPKemi; 
fixtv-four miles north-north-ealt of Kemi. 
JU'NIUS, or De Jonghe (Adrian), a phyfician and 
man of letters, born in 1512, was the Ion of a refpedtable 
burgomafter of Hoorn in Weft-Frielland. He made an 
early progrefs in his literary ftudies, and travelled for im¬ 
provement into various countries of Europe, taking the 
degree of dodtor of phylic at Bologna, He vifited Eng¬ 
land in a medical character in 1543, and was phyfician 
to the duke of Norfolk. He publillied there a Greek and 
Latin Dictionary, which he dedicated to the young king, 
Edward VI. and thereby drew upon himfelf the cenfure 
6 S 
