528 J U N 
goats; no Iheep; domeftic dogs and cats. They have the 
common poultry, but not in abundance. The climate is 
very agreeable: no violent heats ; the rains come on gently 
in July, and continue until November, with frequent in¬ 
termillions: fine weather then fucceeds, with very cool 
north-eall winds at night, which mud be favourable to the 
cultivation of the vegetables. The fale of opium on this 
ifland was thirty or forty years ago very great, as this was 
then a free port. The opium came from Bengal generally 
in Englifh country-fhips, and was bought up by Malay 
and Buggefs prows; who, after having fold a mixed cargo 
by retail to the natives for tin, (in doing which they llaid 
many months, and hauled up their prows to repair,) they 
then exchanged their tin with the Bengal vefl'els for opium, 
which they carried chiefly to Celebes, and other Malay 
ifiands. The mixed cargo they brought to fell for tin was 
generally a chequered cloth called Buggefs cambays, made 
on the ifland of Celebes, refembling lungys of Bengal, but 
clofer woven ; Java painted cloths and painted handker¬ 
chiefs, generally made from Hindooilan long cloth ; Java 
gongs, brafs pots, and other utenfils of brafs made on that 
ifland ; China and Java tobacco ; various porcelain ; blue 
and white unbleached cloth called kangan , and white and 
blue called compow , brought from China by the junks that 
refort to Siam, Macaifar, Sooloo, Batavia, and other places. 
Things are now much altered; the uje of opium is forbidden 
to the natives, the importation is prohibited, and a heavy 
duty is laid on the exportation of tin by orders from Siam : 
in confequence the trade of the place has dwindled much ; 
Hindooilan piece-goods, and fome European articles, fuch 
as iron. Heel, lead, cutlery, and broad-cloth, being almoll 
the only imports. The annual export of tin is eliimated 
at 500 tons. Lat. 8. o. N. Ion. 98. 20. E. 
JUN'NEH, according to the Hindoos, is the fourth of 
the fix fpheres fituated above the earth, to which the fouls 
of pious and moral men go ; beyond which they do not 
pafs, unlefs they have fome uncommon merits and quali¬ 
fications. Roberts's bid. GloJJary. 
JU'NO, a celebrated deity among the ancients, daugh¬ 
ter of Saturn and Ops. She was filler to Jupiter, Pluto, 
Neptune, Velta, Ceres, &c. She was born at Argos, or, 
according to others, in Samos; and was entrulled to the 
care of the Seafons, or, as Homer and Ovid mention, to 
Oceanus and Tethys. Some of the inhabitants of Argolis 
fuppofed, that flie had been brought up by the three 
daughters of the river Allerion ; and the people of Stym- 
phalus, in Arcadia, maintained, that file had been edu¬ 
cated under the care of Temenus, the fon of Pelafgus. 
Juno was devoured by Saturn, according to fome mytho- 
logills; and, according to Apollodorus, Ihe was again re- 
ftored to the world by means of a potion which Metis 
gave to Saturn, to make him give up the Hone which his 
wife had given him to fwailow inltead of Jupiter. Jupiter 
was not infenlible to the charms of his filter; and, the 
more powerfully to gain her confidence, he changed him- 
felf into a cuckoo, and railed a great llorm, and made the 
air unufually chill and cold. Under this form he went 
to the goddefs, all Ihivering-. Juno pitied the cuckoo, 
and took him into her bofoin. When Jupiter had gained 
thefe advantages, he refumed his original form, and ob¬ 
tained the gratification of his defires, after he had made a 
folemn promife of marriage to his filter. The nuptials of 
Jupiter and Juno were celebrated with the greatell fo- 
lemnity ; the gods, all mankind, and all the brute crea¬ 
tion, attended. Chelone, a young woman, was the only 
one who refufed to come, and who derided the ceremony. 
For this impiety, Mercury changed her into a tortoiie, 
and condemned her to perpetual lilence ; from which cir- 
cumltance the tortoife has always been ufed as the fymbol 
of lilence among the ancients. By her marriage with Ju¬ 
piter, Juno became the queen of all the gods, and millrefs 
of heaven and earth. Her conjugal happinefs, however, 
was frequently dilturbed by the numerous amours of her 
hulband, and the Ihovved herfelf jealous and inexorable 
in the higheft degree. Her feverity to the miftrefles and 
J U N 
illegitimate children of her liulband was unparalleled. She 
persecuted Hercules and his defcendants with the molt 
inveterate fury; and her refentment againft Paris, who 
had given the golden apple to Venus in preference to her- 
felf, was the caufe of the Trojan war, and of all the mi- 
feries which happened to the unfortunate houfe of Priam. 
Her feverities to Alcmena, Ino, Athamas, Semele, &c. are 
all’o well known. Juno had fome children by Jupiter. 
According to Hefiod, Hie was mother of Mars, Hebe, and 
Ilitbya, orLucina; and befides thefe, Ihe brought forth 
Vulcan, without having any commerce with the other fex, 
but only by fmelling a certain plant. This was in imi¬ 
tation of Jupiter, who had produced Minerva from his 
brain. According to others, it was not Vulcan, but Mars, 
or He'oe, whom Ihe brought forth in This manner, and this 
was after eating fome lettuces at the table of Apollo. 
The daily and repeated debaucheries of Jupiter at lalfc 
provoked Juno to fuch a degree, that Ihe retired to Eu¬ 
boea, and refolved for ever to forfake his bed. Jupiter 
produced a reconciliation, after he had applied to Cithte- 
ron for advice, and after he had obtained forgivenefs by 
fraud and artifice. See D^edala, vol. v. p. 558. This 
reconciliation, however cordial it might appear, was foon 
dilfolved by new olfences; and, to Hop the complaints of 
the jealous Juno, Jupiter had often recourfe to violence 
and blows. He even punilhed the cruelties which Ihe had 
exercifed upon his fon Hercules, by fufpending her from 
the heavens by a golden chain, and tying a heavy anvil 
to her feet. Vulcan was punilhed for afiilting his "mother 
in this degrading fituation, and he was kicked down from 
heaven by his father, and broke his leg by the fall. This 
punilhment rather irritated than pacified Juno. She re- 
iolved to revenge it, and Ihe engaged fome of the gods to 
confpire againft Jupiter, and to imprifon him; but Thetis 
delivered him from this confpiracy, by bringing to his 
afliltance the famous Briareus. Apollo and Neptune were 
baniflied from heaven for joining in the confpiracy 5 
though fome attribute their exile to different caufes. 
The worlhip of Juno was univerfal, and even more than 
that of Jupiter, according to fome authors. Her facri- 
fices were offered with the greatell folemnity. She was 
particularly worlhipped at Argos, Samos, Carthage, and 
afterwards at Rome. The ancients generally offered on 
her altars an ewe-lamb and a fow the firfl: day of every 
month. No cows were ever immolated to her, becaule 
Ihe affumed the nature of that animal when the gods fled 
into Egypt in their war with the giants. Among the 
birds, the hawk, the goofe, and particularly the peacock, 
often called Junonia. avis , were iacred to her. The dittany, 
the poppy, and the lily, were her favourite flowers. The 
latter flower was originally of the colour of the crocus ; 
but, when Jupiter placed Hercules to the brealls of Juno 
while afleep, fome of her milk fell down upon earth, and 
changed the colour of the lilies from purple to a beauti¬ 
ful white. Some of the milk alfo dropped in that part of 
the heavens which, from its whitenefs. Hill retains the 
name of the milky way, via lattea. As Juno’s power was 
extended over all the gods, Ihe often made ufe of the god¬ 
defs Minerva as her meffenger, and even had the privilege 
of hurling the thunder of Jupiter when Ihe pleafed. Her 
temples were numerous, the rnoft famous of which were 
at Argos, Olympia, &c. At Rome no woman of de¬ 
bauched character was permitted to enter her temple, or 
even to touch it. Thefurnames of Juno are various: they 
are derived either from the functions or things over which 
Ihe prefided, or from the places where her worlhip was 
eftablilhed. She was the queen of the heavens; fhe pro- 
tefted cleanlinefs, and prefided over marriage and child¬ 
birth, and particularly patronifed the raoft faithful and 
virtuous of the fex, and feverely punilhed incontinence 
and lewdnefs in matrons. She was the goddefs of all 
power and empire, and Ihe was alfo the patronefs of riches. 
She is reprefented fitting on a throne with a diadem on 
her head, and a golden fceptre in her right hand. Some 
peacocks generally fat by her, anti a cuckoo often perched 
QH 
