J U N 
on her fceptre., while Iris behind her di(played the va¬ 
ried colours of her beautiful rainbow. She is l'ometimes 
carried through the air in a rich chariot drawn by pea¬ 
cocks. The Roman canfuls, when they entered upon of¬ 
fice, were always obliged to offer her a folemn facrifice. 
The Juno of the Romans was called Matrona or Romana. 
She was generally reprefented as veiled from head to foot, 
and the Roman matrons always imitated this manner of 
dreffing themfelves, and deemed it indecent in any mar¬ 
ried woman to leave any part of her body but her face 
uncovered. She has received the furnameof Olympia, Sa¬ 
rnia, Lacedcemonia, Argiva, Telchinia, Candrena, Refcin- 
thes, Profymna, Imbralia, Acrea, Cithaeronia, Bunea, 
Ammonia, Fluonia, Anthea, Migale, Gemelia, Tropeia, 
Boopis, Parthenos, Teleia, Xera, Egonhage, Hyperchinia, 
Juga, Illithyia, Lucina, Pronuba, Caprotina, Mena, Po- 
pulonia, Lacinia, Sofpita, Moneta, Curis, Domiduca, Fe- 
brua, Opigenia, &c. w 
Some mythologies fuppofe that Juno fignifies the air j 
others, that (lie was the Egyptian Ifis ; who, being repre¬ 
fented under various figures, was by the Greeks and Ro¬ 
mans reprefented as fo many diftinft deities. 
JU'NO, the name of a planet, difcovefed in the year 
1S04, by M. Harding, of Lilienthal near Bremen, and 
moftly called after him by foreign aftronomers. This and 
the other newly-difcovered planets are very flightly no¬ 
ticed in the new edition of our article Astronomy, vol. ii. 
p. 395. The following is M. Harding’s account of the 
difcovery, in a letter to M. de la Lande, dated Nov. 10, 
1804. “I had engaged in an undertaking, in which I 
had been occupied above a year. Every favourable night 
I compofed a fimall atlas to reprefent the zodiac of the two 
planets recently difcovered by Melfrs. Piazzi and Olbers, 
(Ceres and Pallas.) The fmallnefs of thefe two planets, 
which, in mod of their pofitions, are only of the eighth 
or ninth magnitude, requires a perfect knowledge of all 
the fmall ftars that are in this zodiac. The celeflial charts 
hitherto publifhed are not fufficiently detailed, and can¬ 
not convey a knowledge, at the firft fight, of thofe two 
imall planets, becaufe they reprefent no itars but what are 
of the feventh or eighth magnitude. This confideration 
induced me to compofe more detailed charts, to contain 
all the liars down fo the ninth and tenth magnitude; an 
undertaking which would formerly have been immenfe, 
but is now greatly facilitated, fince you have made aftro- 
nomers acquainted with fifty thoufand liars which are in 
.your Hiftory of the Heavens. This enterprife, which pro¬ 
cured me a minute knowledge of the Harry firmament, 
furnilhed me with the opportunity of difcovering a new 
planet. On the iff of September, comparing the fheet of 
my little atlas with the heavens, I found, between No. 3 
in Mayer's Catalogue, and a liar mentioned in your Hif¬ 
tory, another unknown liar, which I had never before feen 
in that place. I marked it in my chart as a liar having 
2, 0 right-afcenfion, and 36' of northern-declination, 
without fufpefling any Angularity. On the 4th of Sep¬ 
tember this liar was gone, but at 2 0 of right afcenfion, 
.and i' of northern-declination, I obferved another liar, 
which I had not perceived three days before. I began to 
fulpeft a motion in the unknown liar, and the more 
lirongly, as I found neither of the two ftars marked in a 
chart drawn lail year, though I had introduced into it 
ftars of a much feebler light. I therefore haltened to ob¬ 
serve it with the micrometer, to determine its pofition ; 
but a fog intervened, at the moment when I had brought 
the liar to the field of my telefcope. I waited with im¬ 
patience till the following day, and found that the liar 
had changed its place confiderably. The micrometer 
gave me its pofition for uh. 12' 45" mean-time, i° 51' 51* 
right-afcenfion, and 11' 26" fouth-declination. After this 
obfervation I no longer doubted that it was a moveable 
liar, and perhaps a planet; becaufe, when feen by our 
largelt telefcopes, it had neither tail nor nebulofity, fo that 
it could not be a comet, I haltened to apprife Mefl’rs. 
Olbers, Gaufs, Bode, and baron Von Zacli, of the circuin- 
Vol. XL No. 773. 
j u n m 
fiance. The firft commenced his obfervations the 7th of 
September. I profecuted mine till the 27th, when I vras 
informed that M. Von Zach had commenced a courfe of 
obfervations with capital instruments.” M. Gauls, an 
able aftronomerof Brunfwick, alfo calculated the elements 
of the orbit of this planet. And M. Burckhardt at Paris 
communicated elements, which on the 23d of November 
were fo perfect, that they differed but little from thofe of 
M. Gauls. The following are the obfervations made by 
M. Burckhardt at the Military School, and which he made 
life of to calculate the orbit: 
Mean. Time at the OhJerxja- 
tory, 1804. 
Right Ajccnjion. 
Southern DccU-\ 
nation. j 
Sept. 23, at - 
061. 4. - * 
19, - - 
Nov. 5, - - 
22, - - 
Dec. 21, - - 
h. ' " 
11 46 12 
10 55 47 
9 49 48 
8 y 58 
7 4 2 34 
61815 
0 / u 
359 7 0-3 
357 19 26-4 
355 34 i’S 
3 55 19 4'8 
357 12, 30 
4 37 33'9 
0 / 11, 
4 5 4 r 9 
6 17 43'6 
9 4 39 
.10 43 o'4 
10 53 19-6 
8 32 47-8 
The following are the elements as given by M. Burck- 
hard.t and M. Gaufs : 
M. BURCK- 
HARDT. 
M. GAUSS. . 
Afcending-node, - - - 
Inclination, - - - - 
Aphelion, - - - - - 
Equation, - - 
Mean-diftance, - - - 
Revolution, - - - -•- 
Longitude, Sept. 23,at noon, 
1. 0 
5216 
13 5 
7 22 49 
*8 57 
2-657 
4yrs.4mo.2d. 
I 0 19 45 
1. 0 ' 
5 20 47 
13 20 . 
7 21 18 
29 25 
2-620 
4yrs.2rno.28d; 
0 T9 40 
It is impoftible to behold the new planets without call¬ 
ing to mind the opinion of the ancients on this f’ubjeft. 
Artemidorus, quoted by Seneca, book vii. c. 5. faid, that 
the five planets were not the only ones, and that there ex- 
iited a great number which were unknown to us. But 
the idea of Kepler is Hill more extraordinary : Inter Jo- 
vem et Martem (fays that great aftronomer) inlerpoj'ui novum 
planetam. The new planets furnilh geometricians a valt 
field of inveftigation. The perturbations they experience 
mull not only be confiderable, but they will be very com¬ 
plicated, and very difficult to be calculated, on account 
of their great eccentricities and inclinations. 
JU'NOH, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar: thirty-five 
miles north-eaft of Nagpour. 
JUNONA'LIA, or Juno'nia, a feftival obferved by the 
Romans in honour of Juno. It was inftituted on ac¬ 
count of certain prodigies that happened in Italy, and 
was celebrated by matrons. In the folemnity, two white 
cows were led from the temple of Apollo into the city 
through the gate called Carmentalis, and two images of 
Juno, made of cyprefs, were borne in procelfion. Then 
marched twenty-leven girls, habited in long robes, finging 
a hymn to the goddefs ; then came the decemviri, crowned 
with laurel,in veilments edged with purple. This pompous 
company, going through the Vicus Jugarius, had a dance 
in the great field of Rome; from thence they proceeded 
through the Forum Boarium to the temple of Juno, where 
the viftims were iacrificed by the decemviri, and the cy¬ 
prefs images were left Handing. This feftival is not men¬ 
tioned in the Fafti of Ovid, but it is fully defcribed by 
Livy, lib. vii. dec. 3. The hymn ufed upon the occafion 
was compofed by Livius the poet. 
JUNO'NES, a name of the protefling genii of the wo¬ 
men among the Romans. They generally iwore by them, 
as the men by their genii. There were altars often erect¬ 
ed to their honour. Pliny. 
JUNO'NIAN, adj. Belonging to Juno. Cole. 
JUNO'NIC, adj. Belonging to Juno. Cole. 
JUNO'NIUS, one of the titles of Janus. 
JUNQUE'IRA, a town of Spain, in the province of Ca» 
6 T talonia. 
