5S2- J U R 
and falls for the refrefhment of the Romans; whilft their 
enemies are reprefented -as Itruck with the lightnings, and 
lying dead at their feet. 
Some confider a great part of the fable of Jupiter to in¬ 
clude the hiftory of Noah and his three Ions ; and that Sa¬ 
turn is Noah, who faw all mankind perifh in the waters 
of the deluge ; and who, in forne fort, fwallowed them up, 
by not receiving them into the ark. Jupiter is.Ham ; Nep¬ 
tune, Japhethj and Shem, Pluto. The Titans, it is thought, 
represent the old giants, who built the tower of Babel, 
and whofe pride and prefumption God had confounded, 
by changing their language, and pouring out the fpirit of 
difcord and divilion among them. The name of Jupiter, 
or Jovis Pater, is thought to be derived from Jehovah, pro¬ 
nounced with the Latin termination Jovis inltead of Jova ; 
and in medals we meet with Jovis in the nominative, as 
well as oblique cafes ; for example, Jovis cujlos, Jovis pro- 
pugnator , Jovis Jiator. To-the name Jovis was added pater ; 
and afterwards, inftead of “ Jovis pater,” Jupiter was ufed 
by abbreviation. 
JU'PITER, in aftronomy, one of the fuperior planets, 
remarkable for its brightnefs. See Astronomy, vol. ii. 
p. 3S4. 
JU'PITER, in heraldry. See Heraldry, vol. ix. p.422. 
JU'PITER, a liver of the ifland of Anticofti, which 
Tuns into the river St. Laurence in lat. 49.25. N. Ion. 
65. 42. W, 
JU'PITER’s BEARD, in botany. See Anthyllis. 
JU'PITER’s BEARD, (American.) See Amorfha. 
JU'PITER’s DIS'TAFF. See Salvia. 
JUP'PON,/ [jupon, Fr. an under petticoat.] A fliort 
clofe coat: 
Some wore a breafl-plate and a light juppon ; 
Their horfes clotlfd with rich caparifon. Drydcn. 
JUR-TCIIEREMON'SKOI, a town of Rufiia, in the 
government of Tobollk, on the Oby: lixty-eight miles 
fouth-weft of Tomlk. 
JU'RA, a department of France, bounded on the north 
by the department of the Upper Saone, on the eaft by the 
department of the Doubs and the canton of Berne in Swif- 
ferland, on the fouth by the department of the Aine, and 
on the weft by the departments of the Saone and Loire 
and Cote-d’Or. Lons le Saunier is the capital. 
JU'RA, an ifland in the North Sea, near the weft coaft 
of Scotland. It extends full thirty miles in length, and 
is on an average feven broad. It is the moft rugged of 
the Weftern Ides, being compofed chiedy of huge rocks, 
piled on one another in the utmoft diforder, naked, and 
incapable of cultivation. The chief of thefe mountains 
extend in the form of a ridge, from fouth to north, nearly 
in the middle of the illand. They are four in number, 
•which are termed the Paps of Jura, and are confpicuous 
ut a great diftance, terminating the weftern proipeft from 
the continent, and are often covered with clouds and dark- 
nefs. The fouthern one is termed Beinn-ackaolais, or the 
Mountain of the Sound, as being near to the found of 
Ida ; the next and higheft, Beinn-an-oir, the Mountain of 
Gold; the third, Beinn-Jheunta, the Confecrated Moun¬ 
tain ; and that to the north, Corra-bhein, the Steep Moun¬ 
tain. Mr. Pennant afcended Beinn-an-oir with much dif¬ 
ficulty. It is compofed of large ftones, covered with 
modes near the bafe; but all above were bare, and uncon¬ 
nected with each other; “the whole,” fays he, “ feetned a 
vaft cairn, ereCted by the fons of Saturn.” The grandeur 
• of the profpeft from the top compenfated for the labour 
•of afcending the mountain. From the weft dde of the 
bill ran a narrow ftripe of rock into the fea; called “ the 
Hide of the old hag.” Jura itfelf diiplayed a ftupendous 
-front of rock, varied with innumerable little lakes, of the 
moft romantic appearance, and calculated to raife grand 
and fublime emotions in the mind of the fpe&ator. Sir 
Jofeph Banks and his friends afcended Beinn-flieunta, and 
found it, by aftual meafurement, to be 2359 f eet above 
the level of the fea; but Beinn-an-oir is confiderably 
J U R 
higher, being elevated 2420 feet above the fame level. 
The weft fide of the ifland is not fit for cultivation. It is 
wild and rugged, interfered by many torrents, which 
come rufiling down from the mountains; and has been 
deemed fo inhofpitable, that no perfon choofes to. fix his 
habitation in it. All the inhabitants live on the eaft fide 
of the ifland. Here, along the margin of the fea, the 
coaft is pretty level ; but at a little diftance from the fhore 
there is a gradual afcent. The whole of this fide forms a 
pleafant Icene; the coaft, in feveral places, is indented 
with bays and harbours; and the arable and pafture- 
grounds fpread out on the declivity, and terminate at the 
bafe of thefe huge rocky mountains, which form a roman¬ 
tic and awful back-ground. The foil along the lhore is 
thin and ftony; higher up it becomes moory, with patches 
of improvable mol's ; and along the foot of the mountains 
there are numerous lprings, which render the ground un¬ 
fit for cultivation. The only crops are oats, barley, po¬ 
tatoes, and flax; the only manure is the fea-weed which 
is eaft afliore. There are two fine harbours on the eaft 
coaft of the ifland; that to the fouth is called the harbour 
of Small Hies ; the other is named the Lowlandman’s Bay; 
there are alfo forne- anchoring places on the weft coalt. 
Between Scarba and Jura is that famous gulf called Co- 
ryvreckan, from Breacan, fon of a king of Denmark, who 
perilhed in it. There are feveral kinds of red deer tra¬ 
velling the mountains, and plenty of groufe and black 
game. When Mr. Pennant vifited the illand, the number 
of cattle was much greater than at prelent, the inhabitants 
having banifhed thefe to make way for the numerous 
herds of flieep and goats which have been introduced. 
Mr. Pennant mentions alfo a fmall worm, a native of the 
ifland, that relembles, though in a lefs pernicious degree, 
the Furia infernalis of Linnaeus. The fillan, or little worm 
of Jura, fmall as a fewing-thread, and not more than an 
inch in length, infinuates itfelf under the lkin, caufes a 
rednels and great pain, and works its way from place to 
place ; the cure uled by the inhabitants is a poultice made 
of cheefe and honey. Sloes are the only fruits of the 
ifland ; and an acid is made from the berries of the moun- 
tain-alh, and a kind of l'pirit diltilled from them. Necel- 
fity has iiilirufled the inhabitants in the ufe of native dyes. 
The juice of the heath-tops lupplies a bright yellow; the 
roots of the water-lily produces a dark brown ; the altrin- 
gent roots of the yellow-water iris is one of the ingre¬ 
dients in ftriking a black colour; and the Galium verum, 
called rhu by the iflanders, affords a fine red, fcarcely in¬ 
ferior to the Rubia tinftorum, or madder. There is only 
one fmall village, called Jura, on the eaft coaft of the 
ifland, inhabited by a few filhermen. The ftones com- 
poling the mountains are of white or red quartoze gra¬ 
nite, lome of which is brecciated, or filled with cryftaliine 
kernels of an amethyftine colour. The other ftones of the 
illand are a bluifh-coloured Hate, veined with red, and fo 
fine as to be ufed as a whetftone ; a micaceous fandftone ; 
and, at the northern extremity, a quarry of micaceous 
granite. There is great abundance of iron ore, and a 
vein of the black oxyd of manganefe. On the fhores of 
the weft coaft, there are found great quantities of a fine 
kind of fand, which is carried away for the manufacture 
of glafs. The climate of Jura is very healthy. It con¬ 
tained, in 1801, 1202 inhabitants. Thefe, like the reft of 
the Highlanders, are addicted to fuperftition, and have 
their diltinCl clans. The Gaelic is the only language 
fpoken in the ifland. Lat. 55. 58. N. Ion. 5. 55. N. 
JU'RA is alfo the name of a chain of mountains in 
Swifierland, beginning in the canton of Zurich, extending 
from thence along the Rhine into the canton and bilhop- 
ric of Bafle, ftretching into the canton of Soleure and the 
principality of Neufchatel, and branching out towards 
the Pays de Vaud; feparating that county from Franche 
Comte and Burgundy, and continued beyond the Genevan 
territories as far as the Rhone. Many elevated valleys are 
formed by different parts of this chain in the country of 
the Pays de Vaud; among which one of the moft remark- 
1 able 
