J u R 
Optics, publifhed in 1738, Jurin added An Eflay upon 
diltinft and indiftinft Vilion, in which- he made fubtle 
calculations of the change neceffary to be made in the 
figure .of the eye to accommodate it to different diftances 
of objects. This paper was commented upon by Robins, 
to whom Jurin wrote a reply. He had alfo controverfies 
with Senac refpefting the force of the heart; with Miche- 
lotti on the movement of running water; and with the 
parti-fans of Leibnitz on living forces. He was a warm 
partifan for inoculation; ahd in feveral publications 
gave an account of its fuccefs from 1723 to 1727, efta- 
blilhing its utility upon the true foundation of companion 
between the refpeftive mortality of the natural and inocu¬ 
lated fmall-pox. Seventeen papers of his, on medical, 
phyfiological, and philofophical, topics, are inferted in the 
Philofophical Tranfa&ions from vol. lx. to vol. Ixvi. 
JURIN'GI, a town of Japan, in the ifland of Niphon: 
forty miles weft-north-welt of Jedo. 
JU'RISCONSULT, f. [juris confultus, Lat.] One who 
gives his opinion in cafes of law.—There is mention made, 
in a decifion of the jurifconfult Javolemus, of a Britannic 
fleet. Arbutknot on Coins. 
The jurifconfulti, among the Romans, were perfons 
learned in the law; malters of the Roman jurifprudence ; 
and who were confulted on the interpretation of the laws 
and cuftoms, and on the difficult points in law-fuits. 
The fifteen books of the Digefts were compiled wholly 
from the anfwers or reports of the ancient jurifconfulti. 
Tribonianus, in deftroying the two thoufand volumes 
from whence the Code and Digeft were taken, has de¬ 
prived the public of what would have given light into 
the ancient office of the jurifconfulti. We fliould fcarcely 
have known any thing beyond their bare names, had not 
Pomponius, who lived in the fecond century, taken care 
to preferve fome circumitances of their office. The Ro¬ 
man jurifconfulti feem to have been the fame with our 
chamber-counfellors, who arrived at the honour of being 
confulted through age and experience, but never pleaded 
at the bar. Their pleading advocates, or lawyers, never 
became jurifconfulti. See Advocate, vol. i. p. 132. In 
the times of the commonwealth, the advocati had by 
much the more honourable employment, as being in the 
ready way to attain the higheft preferments. They then 
defpifed the jurifconfulti, calling them in derifion formu- 
larii and legulei , as having invented certain forms and 
monofyllables, in order to give their anfwers the greater 
appearance of gravity and myftery. But in procefs of 
time they became fo much efteemed, that they were called 
frudenles and fapientes, and the emperors appointed the 
judges to follow their advice. Auguftus advanced them 
to be public officers of the empire; fo that they were no 
longer confined to the petty councils of private perfons. 
Bern. Rutilius has written the lives of the moll famous 
jurifconfulti who have lived within thefe two thoufand 
years. 
JURISDICTION,/. [Fr. jurfdiHio, Lat.] Legal au¬ 
thority ; extent of power.—All perfons exercifing eccle- 
fiaftical jurifdiElion ffiould have the king’s arms in their 
feals of office. Hayward. 
You wrought to be a legate : by which power 
You maim’d the jurifdiction of all bilhops. Shakefpearc. 
Diftrifl to which any authority extends. 
Jurisdiction, in law, an authority or power, which 
a man hath to do juftice in caufes of complaint brought 
before him; of which there are two kinds; the one, which 
a perfon hath by reafon of his fee, and by virtue thereof 
doth right in all plaints, concerning the lands within his 
fee; the other is a jurifdiftion given by the prince to a 
bailiff ; and by him whom they called a bailiff, we may 
underftand all who have commiffion from the king to give 
judgment in any caufe. Cuflum. Normand. cap. 2. 
The courts and judges at Wellminfler have jurifdiftion 
all over England ; and are not reftrained to any county 
or place 5 but all other courts are confined to their parti- 
J U R 535 
cular jurifdictions; which if they exceed, whatever they 
do is erroneous. 2 Lil. Abr. 126. A court fliall not be 
prefumed to have a jurifdifUon, where it doth not appear 
to have one. 2 Hawk. c. 10. It an action is brought in a 
corporate town, and the plaint flioweth not that the mat¬ 
ter arifes infra juriJdiHionem of the court, it will be wrong, 
though the town be in the margin; but the county ferves 
in the margin for the fuperior courts. Jenk. Cent. 322. 
The declaration in a bafe court muft allege, that' the 
goods were fold and delivered within the jurifdiftion 
thereof, as well as that the defendant promifed within it. 
1 Wilf. ii. 16. 
After a verdict for the plaintiff in K. B. for lefs than 
40s. the defendant may enter a fuggeftion on the roll, 
that he refided in Middlefex, which if true, the court of 
K. B, hath no jurifdiclion, by (tat. 22 Geo. II. C, 33. See 
Court of Conscience. 
JURISINCEP'TOR, f. [Latin.] A ftudent of the ci¬ 
vil law. 
JURISPRUDENCE, / [ jurifprudence , Fr. jurifprudentia, 
Lat.] The fcience of the law.—Ariltotle himfelf has faid, 
fpeaking of the laws of his own country, that jurifprudence,. 
or the knowledge of thofe laws, is the principal and molt 
perfeCt branch of ethics. Blackjlonc. 
JU'RIST, f. [jurijle , Fr. jura, Lat.] A civil lawyer; 
a man who profeffes the fcience of the law ; a civilian.— 
This is not to be meafured by the principles of jurijis. 
Bacon. 
JURJU'RA, a mountain of Africa, in Algiers, and 
fuppofed to be the higheft in Barbary ; anciently called 
Mons Ferratus. It is at leaft twenty-four miles long; and, 
if we except a pool of good water, bordered round with 
arable ground, that lies near the middle of it, the whole, 
from one end to another, is a continued range of naked 
rocks and precipices. In the winter feafon, the ridge of 
this mountain is always covered with fnow; and it is fur¬ 
ther remarkable, that while the inhabitants of the one 
fide carry on an hereditary and implacable animofity with 
thofe of the other; yet, by confent, this border of fnow 
puts a flop to all hoftilities during that inclement feafon, 
which, like thofe of the cranes and pigmies, as related by 
the poet, are renewed with frefn vigour in the fpring ; 
twenty-four miles fouth of Dellys. 
JURKO'NE, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of 
Kitchwara: fifteen miles fouth ofBudawar. 
JUR'MO, a fmall illand in the Baltic, between the 
ifland of Aland and the coaft of Finland. Lat. 60. 33. N. 
Ion. 20. 52. E. 
JU'RO, or Devil’s Island, a fmall ifland in the Gre¬ 
cian Archipelago. Lat. 39. 33. N. Ion. 24.15. E. 
JU'RO POU'LO, a fmall ifland in the Grecian Archi¬ 
pelago. Lat. 39. 35. N. Ion. 24. 16. E. 
JURO'CO, a town of Brafil, in the province of Minas 
Geraes : no miles fouth-w'eft of Villa Rica. 
JU'ROR,/ \_juro, Lat.] One that ferves on the jury.— 
About noon the jurors w'ent together; and, becaufe they 
could not agree, they w'ere (hut in. Hayward. 
I fing no harm, good footh! to any wight. 
Juror, or judge. Donne. 
JUROU'DA, a town of Hindooflan, in the circar of 
Chandaree: fifteen miles fouth-eaft ot Seronge. 
JUROZEC', a town of Ruffian.Lithuania: eighty miles 
fouth-ealt of Minlk. 
JUR'VA, a towm of Sweden, in the government of 
Wafa : thirty-two miles north-north-ealt of Chriftineltadt. 
JURUN'GE, a town of Hindooflan, in Bahar : on the 
Bogmutty : thirteen miles weft of Durbungah. 
IVRY', a town of France, in the department of the 
Eure : twenty-four miles north of Dreux. 
IVRY', a towm of France, in the department of the 
Cote d’Or : nine miles fouth-ealt of Arnay le Due. 
IVRY', a town of France, in the department of Pa¬ 
ris. In 1589, the duke of Mayenne w'as defeated here by 
the king ; three miles fouth of Paris. 
JU'RY, 
