JUS 
■with the refult of his learned invelligntions. In the year 
idio, he prefented to the world, Codex Canonum Ecclefiae 
Univerfse a Concilio Calcliedonenfi & Jullimano Imp. Con- 
lirmatas, Gr. & Lat. 8vo. collected from printed Greek 
books, and manufcripts, and illuftrated with notes. This 
was followed, at no long interval, by Codex Canonum 
Eccleiiafticorum Dionyiii Exigui, live Codex Canonum 
vetus Ecclefis Romanae, ex tantiqurffimo Codice MS. 
gvp. The next work which he publifhed, relative to ec- 
clefiaftical antiquities, was in the year 161-5, and entitled 
Codex Canonum Ecclefiae Africans:, Gr. and Lat. ex 
MSS. Cod. 1615, 8vo. with notes and illuftrations. Be¬ 
tides thele, he made many other curious and valuable col¬ 
lections of Greek and Latin canons, See. from manu¬ 
fcripts in the royal, palatine, and private, libraries, which 
con'ftitute the two volumes in folio, entitled. Bibliotheca 
Juris Canonici Vcteris, See. publifhed in Paris in 1661, by 
our author’s fon Henry Juftell, and William Voell. Our 
author’s enquiries, however, were not confined to ecclefi- 
aftical, but comprehended alfo civil, hiftory and antiqui¬ 
ties ; and he was confidered to be better acquainted with 
thole of the middle age than any perfon of his time. In 
the year 1645 he publifhed A Genealogical Hiftory of the 
Houfe of Auvergne, deduced from Charters, Deeds, and 
other authentic Documents, folio; which contains many 
very curious pieces, ufeful in illu(trating the hiftory of 
France. His labours alfo extended to the hiftory of the 
chancery, under the firft, fecond, and third, races of the 
French kings ; and to the ftudy of lacred geography; but 
his papers on thefe fubjefts have not been committed to the 
prefs. Juftell maintained a literary correfpondence with 
the molt learned men of his age, foreigners as well as 
Frenchmen, and particularly with Ufher, Saumaife, Blon- 
del, and fir Henry Spelman. He died 1649, when about 
fixty-uine years of age. Moreri. 
JUS'TICE,/. [ jujlice , Fc.jujlilia, Lat.] The virtue by 
which we give to every man what is his due; oppofed to 
injury or wrong. It is either dijlributivc , belonging to 
magiftrates ; or commutative, reflecting common traniac- 
tions between men.— Jujlice and right fhall not be fold, 
denied, or delayed. Mag. Chart. —Right fhall be done to all 
without refpeCt. Stat. IVeJl. 1 .— jujlice fhall not be delayed 
for any command under the great feal, See. 2 Edw. III. 
c. 8.—The delaying of jujlice is an obftruCtion to, and 
kind of denial thereof; but this is underftood of unne- 
, ceffary and unjuft delay, for fometimes it is convenient 
for the better finding out the truth, and preparation of 
parties, that they may not be furprifed. Jacob's Law Diet. 
—Equity ; agreeablenefs to right: as, He proved the juf- 
' 4 tce of his claim.—Vindicative retribution; punifhment; 
Oppofed to mercy.—Examples of jujlice muff be made for 
terror to fome; examples of mercy for comfort to others. 
Bacon's Advice to Villiers .—Right; alTertion of right: 
Draw thy fword 
That, if my fpeech offend a noble heart, 
Thy-arm may do thee jujlice. Skake/peara 
Justice, in a moral fenfe, is one of the four cardinal 
virtues, which gives every perfon his due. Fidelity and 
truth are the foundation of juftice. As to be perfectly 
juft is an attribute of the Divine Nature, to be lb to the 
utmoft of our ability is the glory of man. The following 
-examples of this virtue are extracted from various authors. 
i. Among the feveral virtues of Ariftides, that for which 
lie was molt renowned was jujlice ; becaufe this virtue is of 
ruoft general ul’e, its benefits extending to a greater num¬ 
ber of perfons, as it is the foundation, and in a manner 
the foul, of every public office and employment. Hence 
it was that Ariftides, though in low circumftances, and of 
■mean extraction, obtained the glorious furname of the JuJl-, 
a title, fays Plutarch, truly royal, or rather truly divine ; 
but of which princes are feldoni ambitious, becaufe gene¬ 
rally ignorant of its beauty and excellency. They choofe 
rather to be called the conquerors of cities and the thun¬ 
derbolts of \var, preferring the vain honour of pompous 
) U S Sub¬ 
titles, which convey no other idea than violence and (laugh¬ 
ter, to the (olid glory of thofe expreffive of goodnefs and 
virtue. How much Ariftides deferved the title given him*., 
will appear in the following inltances ; though it ought to 
be obierved, that he acquired it not by one or two parti¬ 
cular aCtions, but by the whole tenor of his conduct. 
Themiftocles, having conceived the defign of fuppiant- 
ing the Lacedemonians, and of taking the government of 
Greece out of their hands, in order to put it into thofe of 
the Athenians, kept his eye and his thoughts continually 
fixed upon that great projeCt; and, as he was not nice or 
fcrupulous in the choice of his meafures, whatever tended 
towards the accomplifhiirg of the end he had in view he 
looked upon as juft and lawful. On a certain day then he 
declared in a full alfembly of the people, that he had a 
very important defign to propofe ; but that he could not 
communicate it to the people, becaufe its fuccefs required 
it ihould be carried on with the greateft fecrecy ; he there¬ 
fore delired they would appoint a perfon to whom he might 
explain himfelf upon the matter in queftion. Ariftides 
was unanimoufiy fixed upon by the whole affembLy, who 
referred themfelves entirely to his opinion of the affair; 
fo great a confidence had they both in his probity and pru¬ 
dence. Themiftocles, therefore, taking him alide, toid 
him that the defign he had conceived was to burn the fleet 
belonging to the reft of the Grecian ftates, which then lay 
in a neighbouring port; and by this means Athens wouid 
certainly become miftrefs of all Greece. Ariftides here¬ 
upon returned to the afiembly, and only declared to them, 
that indeed nothing could be more advantageous to the 
commonwealth than Themiftocles’s project, but that at 
the fame time nothing in the world could be more unjuft. 
All the people unanimoufiy ordained that Themiftocles 
fliould entirely defift from his projeCL There is not per¬ 
haps in all hiftory a fact more worthy of admiration than 
this. It is not a company of philofophers (to whom it 
cofts nothing- to eftablifli fine maxims and fublime notions 
of morality in the fchool) who determine on this occafion 
that the confideration of profit and advantage ought ne¬ 
ver to prevail in preference to what is lioneft and juft; but 
the whole people who are highly interefted in the propolal 
made to them, who are convinced it is of the greateft im¬ 
portance to the welfare of the ftate, and who, however, 
rejeCt it with unanimous confent, and without a moment’s 
hefitation ; and for this only realon, that it is contrary to juf¬ 
tice. How black and perfidious, on the other hand, was 
the defign which Themiftocles propoled to them, of burn¬ 
ing the fleet of their Grecian confederates at a time of 
entire peace, folely to aggrandize the power of the Athe¬ 
nians ! Had he a hundred times the merit aferibed to him, 
this Angle aCtion would be fufficient to fully all his glory ; 
for it is the heart, that is to fay, integrity and probity, 
which conftitutes and diftinguifhes true merit. 
1. The government of Greece having pnffed from Sparta 
to the Athenians, is was thought proper under this new 
-government to lodge in the ifland of Delos the common 
tfealure of Greece ; to fix new regulations with regard to 
the public money ; and to lay fuel) a tax as might be re¬ 
gulated according to the revenue of each city and ftate, 
in order that, the expences being equally borne by the fe¬ 
veral individuals who compofed the body of the allies, no 
one might have reafon to murmur. The difficulty was to 
find a perfon of fo lioneft and incorrupt a mind, as to dis¬ 
charge faithfully an employment of fo delicate and dan¬ 
gerous a kind, the due adminiftration of which fo nearly 
concerned the public welfare. All the allies caft their 
eyes on Ariftides; accordingly they invefted him with full 
powers, and appointed him to levy a tax on each of them, 
relying entirely on his wifdom and juftice. The citizens 
hail no caufe to repent their choice. He prefided oyer the 
treafury with the fidelity and difintereftednefs of a mail 
who looks upon it as a capital crime to embezzle the frnall- 
eft portion of another’s pofieffion, with the care and acti¬ 
vity of a father of a family in the management of his own 
eftate, and with the caution qnd integrity ot* a perfon who 
