JUS 
an agreement in petty quarrels and breaches of the peace, 
where the king is not entitled to a fine, though they may 
not compound offences or take money for making agree¬ 
ments. A juffice hath a difcretionary power of binding 
to the good behaviour; and may require a recognizance, 
with a great penalty, for keeping of the peace, where the 
party bound is a dangerous perfon, and likely to break 
the peace, and do much mifchief; and for default of lure- 
ties he may be committed to gaol. But a man giving fecu- 
rity for keeping the peace in the King’s Bench or Chan¬ 
cery, may have a fuperfedeas to the juftices in the county 
not to take fecurity ; and alfo by giving furety of the 
peace to any other juffice. If one make an afiault upon 
a juffice of peace, he may apprehend the offender and 
commit him to gaol till he finds fureties for the peace ; 
and a juffice may record a forcible entry on his own pof- 
feflion; in other cafes he cannot judge in his own caufe. 
Contempts againft juffices are punifliable by indi&rnent 
and fine at tlie feflions. Juffices lhall not be regularly 
punilhed for any thing done by them in feflion as judges; 
and, if a juffice be tried for any thing done in his office, 
he may plead the general ifl'ue, and give the fpecial mat¬ 
ter in evidence ; and, if a verdiCt is given for him, or if 
the plaintiff' be nonfuit, he lhall have double cofts ; and 
fuch aCtion lhall only be laid in the county where the of¬ 
fence is committed. 7 Jac. 5. ai Jac. c. 12. But, if they 
are guilty of any mifdemeanor in office, information lies 
againff them in the King’s Bench, where they lhall be 
punilhed by fine and imprifonment; and all perfons who 
recover a verdiCt againlt a juffice for any wilful or mali¬ 
cious injury, are entitled to double cofts. By 24 Geo. II. 
c. 44, no writ lhall be fued out againft any juffice of 
peace, for any thing done by him in the execution of his 
office, until notice in writing lhall be delivered to him 
one month before the fuing out of the fame, containing 
the caufe of action, &c. within which month he may ten¬ 
der amends ; and, if the tender be found fufficient, he 
lhall have a verdiCt. No fuch plaintiff lhall recover 
againft the juffice, unlefs fuch notice lhall be proved at 
the trial. If the juffice lhall negleCt to make fuch tender, 
or lhall make an infufticient tender, he may, before iffue 
joined, pay into court fuch fum as he lhall think fit. 
Where an action is againft a juffice and conftable, if there 
be a verdifl againft the juffice, and the conftable be ac¬ 
quitted, the plaintiff lhall recover fuch colts againft the 
juffice, as to include the cofts the plaintiff lhall be obliged 
to pay to the conftable. And this ftatute enafts, that, if 
the plaintiff in any fuch aftion lhall recover againft a jus¬ 
tice, and the judge Jhall certify that the injury was wilfully 
and maliciovjly done, the plaintiff' lhall recover double colls. 
No action lhall be brought againft a juffice for any thing 
done in the execution of his office, unlefs commenced 
within fix months after the aft committed. 
For further matter relative to this extenfive and ufeful 
office, fee Burn's JuJHce, title JuJlices of the Peace. 
Justices of Peace within Liberties; JuJliciarii ad 
pacem infra lioertates ; are fuch in cities, and other corpo¬ 
rate towns, as the others are of the county; and their au¬ 
thority is all one within the feveral territories and pre¬ 
cincts, having befides the aflife of ale and beer, wood, 
viftuals, &c. 27 Hen. VIII. c. 5. But, if the king grant 
to a corporation, that the mayor and recorder, &c. lhall 
be juffices of peace within the city ; if there be no wrnrds 
of exclufion, juftices of the county have concurrent ju- 
rifdiction with them; and the king, notwithftanding his 
charter, may grant a comtniflion of the peace fpecially in 
that city or county. 2 Hale's Hifl. P. C. 47. Alfo, where 
the juftices of any corporate town deny doing right, juf¬ 
tices of the peace of the county may inquire into it. 
Mod. Caf. 164. Juffices of cities and corporations are not 
within the qualification act, 5 Geo. II. c. 18. 
To JUS'TICE, v. a. To adminifter juffice to any. Not 
in ufe. —As for the title of profcription, wherein the em¬ 
peror hath been judge and party, and hath jujliced himfelf, 
God forbid but that it lliould endure an appeal to a war. 
J U S. 663 
Bacon. —Whereas one Styward, a Scot, was apprehended 
for intending to poifon the young queen of Scots ; the 
king delivered him to the French king, to be jujliced by 
him at his pleafure. Hayward. 
JUS'TICE-SEAT, f. The principal court of the foreft. 
1 — Jujiice-feat is the higheft court that is held in a foreft, 
and it is always held before the lord chief juffice in eyre 
of the foreft. Termes de la Ley. —See Forest. 
JUS'TICEMENT, f. Procedure in courts. 
JUS'TICER, f. Adminiftrator of juffice. An old word. 
—He was a lingular good jujiker ; and, if he had not died 
in the fecond year of his government, was the likelieft per¬ 
fon to have reformed the Engliih colonies. Davies on Ireland. 
JUSTICESHIP, /. Rank or office of juffice. Swift. 
JUSTPCIA, /. [fo named by Houftoun from James 
Juffice, efq. F.R.S. one of the principal clerks of hellion 
in Scotland, author of the Britilh Gardener’s Director, 
1764.] In botany, a genus of the clafs diandria, order 
nionogynia, natural order of perfonatae, (acanthi, JuJf. ) 
The generic characters are—Calyx : perianthium one- 
leafed, very fmall, five-parted, acute, upright, narrow. 
Corolla: one-petalled, ringent; tube gibbofe; border 
two-lipped; Irp fuperior, oblong, einarginate; inferior of 
the fame length, reflex, trifid. Stamina : filaments two, 
awl-lhaped, hid under the upper lip; antheras upright, 
bifid at the bale. Piltillum : germ top-lhaped ; ftyle fili¬ 
form, length and fituation of the ftamina ; ftigma limple. 
Pericarpium : capfule oblong, obtufe, narrowed at the 
bafe, two-celled, two-valved ; the partition oppoiite to 
the valves, gaping with an elaffic claw. Seeds: roundilh. 
Some fpecies recede fo much from this character as to 
feem of a diftinCt genus.— EJfertial CharaLler. Corolla rin¬ 
gent; capfule two-celled, opening with an elaffic claw, 
ftamina with a tingle anther. 
General Remarks. This genus is divided by Linnaeus into 
fhrubby and herbaceous, but the known fpecies are become 
fo numerous, and the duration of the Item is fo uncertain 
or difficult to afeertain in plants of India cultivated in 
our ltoves, or in fpecimens fent from hot countries, that 
Vahl has fubftituted other circum(lances of fubdivifion 
taken from the calyx and corolla, as adopted below. It 
appears from late obfervations of Jacquin, Juffieu, Vahl, 
&c. that the two antheras on each filament are not a fuf¬ 
ficient generic dillindtion ; for in fome fpecies of Dianthera 
the filaments are divided into two fegments, each of 
which has an anther; but in others the filaments are un¬ 
divided, and have two antheras indeed, but fo approxi¬ 
mated as almoft to coalefce into one. But not only di- 
antheras properly fo called have two antherie, but molt of 
the jufticias, if not all, are really diantheras; for not only 
feveral of Linnaeus’s julticias have two antheras quite dif¬ 
tinCt, as J. hyfl'opifolia, orchioides, See. but the reft have 
generally twin or double antherae, with this difference, 
that being parallel to each other they feem to be but one, 
although they are really two. If this natural genus, con¬ 
fiding of Jufticia and Dianthera, is to be leparated, Vahl 
recommends it to be grounded on the capfule rather than 
the antheras. The fpecies in the firft fection might very 
well form a diftinCt genus, and accordingly were confi- 
dered as fuch by the late Dr. Solander. Some of them 
rather belong to the clafs Didynamia and the genus Ru- 
ellia, as J. pulcherrima, infundibuliformis, gangetica, &c„ 
Some of the fpecies (N° 9, 10. 31. 37, 38.42,43,44.47. 
62.) are repeated from our article Dianthera, vol. v. be- 
caufe they more properly belong to this place. 
Species. I. With a double calyx. 1. Jufticia faftuofa, 
or iuperb jufticia: flirubby; leaves lanceolate-elliptic; 
flowers in terminating thyrfes ; calyxes two-flowered. 
Stem round, fmooth, and even. Leaves oppofite, petioled, 
quite entire, with alternate veins, hairy underneath and 
round the edge. Flowers very abundant,.cluftered in ax¬ 
illary racemules, not longer than the leaves; calyx even, 
the fize of a grain of wheat, receding in this and other 
parts of the flower fo much as to warrant the making this 
plant of a genus feparate from jufticia. This is fuffki- 
ently 
