JUS 
that the body of Chrift was incorruptible, and fubjeft to 
no human infirmities, which he was preparing to enforce 
upon the clergy and people by an edift, his death (ma¬ 
ture as it was) has been regarded by the ecclefiaftical 
writers as owing to a fpecial providence in favour of the 
church. His increafing jealoufies, and the heavy burthens 
he impofed upon his l'ubjefts, had deftroyed all attach¬ 
ment to his perfon ; and one who has in fome refpefts de¬ 
served the title of the laft Roman emperor left the ftage 
unlamented and little honoured. Among the dittin- 
guifhed events of this reign, the introduction of the filk- 
w'orm into the Greek empire, by means of two Perfian 
monks who went as miflionaries to China, ought not to 
be omitted. It is fuppofed to have taken place about 
the year 552. 
JUSTIN'IAN II. emperor of the Eaft, Succeeded in 
685 his father Conllantine Pogonatus, being then fixteen 
years of age. He foon betrayed a violent temper, with a 
Fondnefs for war, which induced him to break a treaty he 
had made with the Saracens, and renew hoftilities againft 
them. He met with a defeat in confequence of the de¬ 
fection of the Sclavi in his lervice, which fo much enraged 
him, that he ordered all the remainder of the nation who 
continued with him, with their wives and children, to be 
cut in pieces. On his return to Conftantinople, he 
wafted the public revenues in Sumptuous buildings, while 
he gave up his Subjects to the oppreftion and cruelty of 
two minilfers, a monk and an eunuch. Their tyrannical 
government had caufed a general difaffeftion, which, it 
is Said, the emperor was meditating to chaftife by a ge¬ 
neral maftacfe of the Conftantinopolitans; when Leontius, 
a commander of reputation, whom he had imprifoned for 
three years, and juft liberated in order to Send him to the 
government of Greece, was encouraged to attempt the 
deliverance of his country. His foldiers broke open the 
prifons ; and the people, Summoned by the patriarch to 
the church of St. Sophia, proclaimed Leontius emperor, 
and without refiftance Seized upon the tyrant and his 
minifters. Juftinian’s life was Spared ; but he was Sen¬ 
tenced to be baniftied, and difgraced by the amputation 
of his nofe—whence his Greek Surname of Rhinotmetus. 
This revolution took place in the tenth year of his reign. 
The place of his exile was Cherfonae in Crim-Tartary, 
where he remained till another revolution had dethroned 
Leontius, and inverted with the purple Apfimar, who 
took the name of Tiberius. The Cherfonites, fearing 
left the efforts of Juftinian to recover his power might 
engage them in troubles, projected either putting him to 
death, or delivering him up to Tiberius. He was made 
acquainted with their defign, and with a few followers, 
took refuge with the khan of the Chozars, a tribe be¬ 
tween the Tanais and Borylthenes. He received the fu¬ 
gitive with honour, and gave him his Sifter Theodora in 
marriage ; but, tempted by a bribe from Tiberius, was 
on the point of betraying or affaftinating him. Juftinian, 
appriSed of his danger by his fpoufe, ftrangled with his 
own hands the khan’s emiftaries, and fled by Sea to Ter- 
belis prince of the Bulgarians. On the voyage, his 
vefl’el was aflailed by a violent tempeft, when one of his 
domeftics deflred him to recommend himfelf to Heaven 
by a vow of general forgivenefs of his enemies. “ May I 
perifh this inllant,” he replied, “ if I mean to Spare one 
them!” The Bulgarian was induced by his promifes to 
raife an army for his reltoration. They marched to 
Conftantinople, where Juftinian foon obtained admiflion, 
and re-mounted the throne, AJD. 705. 
A tyrant returning to power from exile has always 
been an object of terror; and revenge was a ruling paflion 
in the foul of Juftinian II. He firlt indulged it againft 
the two ulurpers, who had fucceflively occupied his 
place, and both of whom came into his power. They 
were dragged in triumph through the city, and then 
placed in chains beneath his throne in the circus, whence 
lie beheld the Spectacles with a foot upon each of their 
necks, whilft the inconftant people fhouted “Thou fhalt 
trample on the afp and bafllifk,” &c. They were then 
Vol. XI. No. 777. 
JUS 573 
led to execution. The patriarch was deprived of his 
fight, and banifhed to Rome. All befides whom he 
deemed his enemies were victims of his fury; and it is 
faid that provinces were almoft difpeopled by the multi¬ 
tude of executions. He ungratefully broke liis treaty 
with the king of the Bulgarians by whom he had been 
reftored, and invaded his country; but was defeated, and 
compelled to an ignominious flight. He then prepared 
to execute his vengeance againft the Cherfonites, and 
fent a fleet and army, with orders to deftroy the whole 
people. His inhuman command was at firft imperfeftly 
executed, and children were fpared in the maflacre; 
upon which, in a rage, he repeated the order, and they 
followed the fate of their parents. Some of the colonilts, 
however, had taken refuge with the Chozars ; and a 
number of exiles and enemies of the tyrant, aflembling, 
proclaimed Bardanes emperor, under the name of Philip- 
picus. Some troops who were fent againft him joined 
his party, and lie marched to Conftantinople, where he 
was received without oppoiition. Juftinian was at this 
time at Sinope, with a body of Thracians. Thefe, gained 
over by Philippicus, abandoned him, and the tyrant fell 
beneath the fwords of aflaffins A D. 711. Such was the 
odium he had infpired, that his young Ion Tiberius, 
whom his grandmother had placed in a fanftuary, was 
dragged from the altar, and murdered before her eyes. 
Gibbon . 
JUSTIN'IAN, adj. Belonging to the code of laws in- 
ftituted by the emperor Juftinian-. 
JUSTIN'IAN, /: in church hiltory, one of a religious 
order founded in the year 1412. 
JUSTINIA'NI (St. Laurence), the firft patriarch of 
Venice, was born there of a noble family in 1381, He. 
died in 1485 ; he left feveral religious.works, which were 
printed together at Lyons in 1568, in 1 vol. folio, with 
liis life prefixed by his nephew. Clement VII. beatified 
him in 1514, and he was canonized by Alexander VIII. 
in 1690. 
JUSTINIA'NI, (Bernard and Auguftine.) See Gtus- 
tiniani, vol. viii. 
JUSTIN'IANIST,/. A civilian ; one who ftudies the 
civil law. 
JUSTI'TIA, in mythology, the daughter of Jupiter 
and Aftrea ; the patronefs of juftice. 
To JUS'TLE, v. n. [from juft, jovftcr, Fr.j To en¬ 
counter; to clalh ; to rufti againft each other.—The cha¬ 
riots ftiall rage in the ftreets, they (hall jujlk one againft 
another in the broad ways. Nahum ii. 4. 
I thought the dean had been too proud 
To jijlle here among a crowd. Swift. 
To JUS'TLE, v. a. To pufh ; to drive; to force by 
milling againft it. It is commonly ufed with a particle 
following, as out or off. —Private and Angle abilities fliould 
not jujlk out, and deprive the church of the joint abilities of 
many learned and godly men. King Charles .—Many excel¬ 
lent ltrains have been juftled off by their intruiions. Brown's 
Vulgar Errours. —Running in the dark, a man may jujlk a 
polt. Collier. 
The furly commons ftiall refpeft deny, 
And jujlle peerage out with property. Drydcn. 
JUST'LING,/I The aft of pufhing ; the aft of forcing 
by a kind of collilion. 
JUST'LY, adv. [from juft.] Uprightly; honeftiy ; in 
a juft manner.—Nothing can jujlly be defpifed, that can¬ 
not jujlly be blamed ; where there is no choice, there can 
be no blame. South. 
The goddefs, ftudious of her Grecians’ fate. 
Taught them in laws and letters to excel. 
In acting juJUy, and in writing well. Prior. 
Properly; exaftly ; accurately: 
Their artful hands inftruft the lute to found, 
Their feet affift their hands, and jujlly beat the ground. 
Drydcn, 
7 G JUST'NESS, 
