J U V 
the age rendered him extremely grofs in his language 
and impure in his paintings; yet he. appears always a 
fincere lover of virtue, and his fentiments have a true 
philofophical elevation and dignity. Many of his maxims 
of morality and religion are delivered with admirable 
force. As a poet, he has more vivacity and animation 
than tafle. The general charafter of his ftyle is tumid 
and hyperbolical, yet mixed with negligencies and inac¬ 
curacies. It however poffeffes a rich vein of poetry, 
and abounds in pifturelque expreffion. There is great 
inequality in his pieces, and fome of them are unworthy 
of his reputation. Of the editions of Juvenal, the belt 
are the Variorum of Graevius, Amft-. 8vo. 1684; the 
Delphin, Par. 4to. 1684 ; and Cafaubon’s, Lugd. Bat. 4to. 
1695. Vojjii Poet. Rom. 
Juvenal has been frequently tranllated into Englifli. 
The names of feven verfions immediately occur to us 5 
thofe of Stapleton, Holyday, Dryden, Owen, Gifford, 
Marlh, and Hodgfon ; the three laft within thefe nine 
years. The Monthly Review, in the introduction to 
their examination of Mr. Hodgfon’s tranflation, pub- 
lilhed in 1807, have the following judicious remarks: 
“ The common opinion of critics has decided that Juve¬ 
nal has fallen into fome of the molt ferious errors of 
Ryle, both as to language and arrangement, which are 
ufually charged on the declining ages of Roman literature: 
but his faults are redeemed by the nobleft excellencies; 
and no writer of antiquity has commanded more of the 
refpeft and admiration of powerful minds, in every age 
and country. If he may be cenfured alternately for harlh 
abruptnefs and turgid declamation ;—il he often involves 
a plain affertion in an obfcure periplirafis, and occafionally 
lofes both himfelf and his meaning in a labyrinth of my¬ 
thological allufion, while he fuffers perhaps even more 
than other fatirifls by our ignorance of contemporary 
anecdote ;—yet thefe defeats in his manner are forgotten, 
when we contemplate the grand features of his mind. 
His mafculine genius, his high-toned morality, his noble 
contempt for meannefs, and his irrefiflible indignation 
againft vice, place him in the firft rank of writers formed 
for the improvement and correction of man. We are in¬ 
clined to believe that the diltinguilhing traits of his cha¬ 
racter are peculiarly confonant to the habits of thinking 
which have long prevailed in England ; an opinion which 
might be Supported by obferving, that none of the an¬ 
cient poets has, to our knowledge, been fo frequently 
rendered entire into our language ; and certainly no fo¬ 
reign writer has ever been fo highly honoured as Juvenal 
by two poetical tranflations of his complete works, exe¬ 
cuted almoft at the fame period, by fuch writers as Mr. 
Gifford and Mr. Hodgfon.” 
Mr. Gifford fums up the character of Juvenal in the 
following neat manner : “ Juvenal, like Perfius, profeffes 
to follow Lucilius; but what was in one a Ample attempt 
is in the other a real imitation of his manner. Fluent 
and witty as Horace, grave and fublime as Perfius; of a 
more decided character than the former, better acquainted 
with mankind than the latter; he did not confine him¬ 
felf to the mode of regulating an intercourfe with the 
great, or to abftraCl difquifitions on the nature of fcho- 
laltic liberty; but, difregarding the claims of a vain ur¬ 
banity, and fixing all his foul on the eternal diftinftions 
of moral good and evil, he laboured, with a magnificence 
of language peculiar to himfelf, to fet forth the lovelinefs 
of virtue, and the deformity and horror of vice, in full 
and perfeCt difplay.” 
JUVENA'LIA,yi in Roman antiquity, certain games 
or exercifes inftituted for the health of youth. 
JUVEN'CUS,/ [Latin.} In zoology, a young bullock; 
a fteer. 
JUVEN'CUS (Caius Vettius Aquilinus), one of the 
earlied Chriltian poets, was a pried of a noble family in 
Spain, and flouriihed in the fourth century. He wrote a 
Latin poem on the Life of Chrid, taken from the Gofpel 
of St. Matthew, which is faid to be chiefly commendable 
4 
J U X 675 
for the accuracy with which it follows the facred text. 
It was compofed about the year 329. Its piety has 
Caufed feveral editions of it to he printed, and it is con¬ 
tained in the Bibliotheque des Peres, and in Mattaire’S 
Corpus Poetarum. This author is faid alfo to have 
written fome verfes cn the Sacraments of the Church, 
and fome hymns. Vojfii Poet. Lat. 
JUVENIEC', a towm of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Wilna: feventy miles ead of Lida. 
JU'VENILE, adj. [juvenilis, Lat.J Young; youthful. 
—Learning hath its infancy, when it is almod chil&ilh ; 
then its youth, when it is luxuriant and juvenile ; then its 
drength of years, when it is folid ; and laflly, its old age, 
when it waxeth dry and exhaud. Bacon's Effays. 
JU'VENILENESS, f. [from juvenile. ] juvenility; the 
heat of youth. 
JUVENILITY, f. Youthfulnefs.—The redauration of 
grey hairs to juvenility, and renewing exhaufled mar¬ 
row, may be effected without a miracle. Glanville. —Light 
and carelefs manner.—Cuflomary drains and abdrafted 
juvenilities have made it difficult to commend and fpeak 
credibly in dedications. Glanville. 
JUVENT'AS, in mythology, the goddefs who prefided 
over youth among the Romans. This goddefs was long 
honoured in the Capitol, where Servius Tullius ereCted 
her datue. Near the chapel of Minerva there was the 
altar of Juventas, and upon this altar a picture of Profer- 
pine. The Greeks called the goddefs of youth Hebe 11 , but. 
it has been generally fuppofed that this was not the fame 
with the Roman Juventas. 
JUVER'NA, an ancient name of Ireland. 
JUVIGNY', a town of France, in the department of 
the Channel: four miles north-wed of Mortain, and four¬ 
teen ead of Avranches. 
JUVIGNY', a town of France, in the department of 
the Marne: nine miles north-wed of Chalons fur Marne. 
JUVIGNY', a town of France, in the department of 
the Mayenne: four miles louth-wefl of Ernee, and thir¬ 
teen north-wed of Laval. 
JUX'ON (Dr. William), archbilhop of Canterbury, was 
born at Chicheder in 1682. He was educated at Mer¬ 
chant Taylors’ fchool, and from thence elefted into St. 
John’s college, Oxford, of which he became prefident. 
King Charles I. made him bifhop of London, and in 
1635 promoted him to the pod of lord high treafurer of 
England. The whole nation, and efpecially the nobility, 
were greatly offended at this high office being given to a 
clergyman; but he behaved fo well in the adminiflration, 
as foon put a dop to all the clamour railed againd him. 
This place he held no longer than the 17th of May 1641, 
when he prudently reilgned the ftaff, to avoid the florin 
which then threatened the court and the clergy. In the 
following February, an aft paffed depriving the bifhops 
of their votes in parliament, and incapacitating them 
from any temporal jttrifdiftion. In thefe leading fleps, 
as well as the total abolition of the epifcopal order which 
followed, he was involved with his brethren ; but neither 
as a bifliop nor as treafurer was a fingle accufation brought 
againd him in the long parliament. During the civil 
wars, he refided at his palace at Fulham, where his meek, 
inoffenfive, and genteel, behaviour, notwithdanding his 
remaining Aeady in his loyalty to the king, procured him 
the vifits of the principal perfons of the oppofite party, 
and refpeft from all. In 1648, he attended his majefly at 
the treaty in the Ifle of Wight; and, by his particular 
defire, waited upon him at Cotton-houfe, Weflminder, 
the day after the commencement of his trial; during 
which he frequently vifited him in the office of a fpiritual 
father; and his majefly declared he was the greated com¬ 
fort to him in that affliftive fituation. He likewife at¬ 
tended his majefly on the fcaffold, where the king, taking 
off his cloak and george, gave him the latter: after the 
execution, our pious hilltop took care of the body, which 
he accompanied to the royal chapel at Windfor, and flood 
ready with the common-prayer book in his hands to 
perform 
