.584 
K M M 
Mount Hennon ; which lies eaft, and is the reafon of the 
appellation, with refpect to Libanus, Phoenicia, and the 
north parts of Paieltine. Called alfo Hevai. 
KAB'NIKOV, a town of Ruffia, in the government of 
Vologda: ten miles north-north-eaft of Vologda. 
KA'DOM, a town of RuiTia, in the government of 
Tambov : 108 miles north-north-eaft of Tambov. 
KADRAGU'TA, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar 
of Singboom: forty miles fouth-eaft of Doefa. 
KA'DROS, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia: 
twenty miles eaft of Amafieh. 
KASA'DAS, f. Gr.] Among the Lacedae¬ 
monians, a dungeon for throwing their criminals into. 
It was of the fame nature with the Athenian barathron, 
or orygma. 
KASIN'DA, a town of Japan, in the ifland of Niphon : 
thirty miles fouth-weft of Nambu. 
KADZU'RIM, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar: twelve 
miles north-eaft of Rotafgur. 
KAJMP'FER (Englebert), a diftinguifhed traveller, 
■was born, in 1651, at Lemgow, the chief town of the 
duchy of Lippe, in Weftphalia, of which his father was a 
clergyman. He received a literary education; and at the 
age of feventeen was fent to the public fchool or academy 
of Lunenburg, at which he fpent two years. An incli¬ 
nation for feeing various places, which became his ruling 
paflion, then led him to Lubec, where he profecuted his 
ftudies in the academy, at that time flourilhing under 
profeftor Nottlemans. Thence he went to Dantzig, where 
he gave the firft public fpecimen of his acquifitions, by 
holding a dilpute Dc majejlatis aivijione. He next paffed 
feme time at Thorn, which, in 1674., he left for the uni- 
verfity of Cracow. There he applied diligently for two 
years to the ftudy of philofophy, hiftory, and modern lan¬ 
guages; in the attainment of the laftof which he poflefled 
an extraordinary facility, which was highly ufeful to him 
in his travels. He took the degree of doftor in philofo¬ 
phy at Cracow, and then repaired to Koniglberg. There 
he abode four years, applying to the ftudy of natural hif¬ 
tory, and of medicine, which he purfued with a profef- 
Conal view. Still unfatiated with knowledge, he made a 
vilit, in 1681, to the univerfity of Upfal, which had rifen 
to reputation chiefly by the labours of the celebrated 
Olaus Rudbeck. In this place Ksempfer was much dif- 
tinguilhed, and his talents and character acquired him the 
notice of feveral eminent perfons even at Stockholm. Se¬ 
veral offers were made to iix him in that country ; but 
Ids leading propenfity induced him to prefer that of the 
poll of fecretary of legation to an embafly then preparing 
by the court of Sweden to thole of Ruflia and Perfia. In 
March 1683, he fet out from Stockholm with the pre- 
fents deltined for the tophi of Periia, and joined the am- 
balfador Fabricius, with his fuite, at Narva. They made 
their entry at Mofcow in July ; and, having difpatched 
.their affairs at that court, proceeded by water to Altra- 
can. They crofted the Cafpian Sea with great danger, and 
arrived at Schamaki, the neighbourhood of which afforded 
many curious obfervations to our traveller. The embalfy 
reached Ifpahan in the beginning of 1684, and employed 
nearly two years in negociations, during which time 
Kaempfer made every poflible advantage of his fituation for 
acquiring knowledge. When the ambaflador was about 
So return, our naturalift declined accompanying him, and 
engaged himfelf as chief furgeon to the fleet of the Dutch 
Eaft-India Company, then cruifing in the Perfian Gulf. 
He left Ifpahan in November 1685, and, proceeding by 
Schiras and the ruins of the ancient Perfepolis, arrived at 
Gambron in December. That unhealthy place had nearly- 
proved fatal to him, and he was detained' a long time by 
fteknefs. On his convalefcence he fpent a fummer in its 
neighbourhood, employed in adding to the ftore of his 
obfervations. In June 5688, he embarked ; and, after 
touching at various Dutch Settlements on the coafts of 
K M M 
Arabia and Malabar, in the ifland of Ceylon, and the gulf 
of Bengal, he arrived at Batavia in September 1689. 
Being appointed phyfician to the annual embafly fent by 
the Dutch company to the emperor of Japan, he failed in 
May 1690, and, taking Siam in his way, finifhed his 
voyage in September. Elis abode in Japan was of two 
years continuance, affording him time to obtain as ifiuclt 
infight into the natural and political ftate of that remote 
country as the Angular jealoufy of its government, with 
refpelt to ftrangers, would permit. He left it in October 
1692, and, returning by Batavia, arrived in Europe int 
the following year. 
In April 1694, Kaempfer took the degree of M.D. at 
Leyden, and, by way of inaugural differtation, publifhed 
a Decade of Mifcellaneous Obfervations relating to medi¬ 
cine and natural hiftory, all of which were republifhed in. 
his Amcenitates. He then fettled in his native country, 
where count Lippe nominated him his body-phyftcian ; 
which poft, together with the great fame he had acquired, 
procured him very extenflve practice. He complains, in¬ 
deed, that his occupations were too numerous to allow 
him to fpend the time he would have defired in putting 
in order the materials he had collected in the long courfe 
of his travels. For the purpofe of managing his concerns, 
and clearing his paternal eftate of Steinhoff, near Lemgo, 
he married, in his forty-ninth year, the daughter of an 
agent to the court of the eleiftor of Brunfwick-Lunenburg. 
This did not prove a happy connexion ; and his latter 
years were clouded with uneaftnefs. He died in confe- 
quence of repeated attacks of the colic, in November 1716, 
at the age of Axty-five. 
Kaempfer, from the variety of his knowledge and the 
diligence of his enquiries, has fcarcely been furpaffed by 
any traveller in the number and value of the obfervations 
which were the fruit of his labours. Of thefe, however, 
a large proportion have been loft to the world. The prin¬ 
cipal work which he gave to the public in his life-time 
is entitled Amamitatum Exoticarum Politico-Phyfico-Medicarum 
Fafciculi V. 4to. Letngov. 1712. It contains a variety of 
curious matter relative to the Perfian court and the anti¬ 
quities of that country, and many circumftances apper¬ 
taining to the medicine, the economy, and the natural 
hiftory, of different parts of Afia. One of the fafciculi 
is entirely employed in the hiftory of the date-palm, and 
is a model of perfect defeription in its kind. The fifth 
gives a fpecimen of a Flora Japonica, which made a rich 
addition to the botany of that period. Many medical faCts 
of importance are detailed in this work, and accurate ac¬ 
counts of feveral articles of materia medica are for the 
firft time prefented to the European reader. Of his poft- 
humous Hiftory of Japan a copy came into the poffeflioil 
of fir Hans Sloane, which was tranflated from the original 
German into Englilh by J. Cafp. Scheuchzer, and pub- 
lifiied at London in 1727, folio ; from it a French trans¬ 
lation was made. Two MSS. of the fame work were pur- 
chafed from the heirs of his niece, by profeffor Dohm, 
of Capel, from which a German edition was made by him, 
and publifhed at Lemgow, in 2 vols. 4to. 1777, 1779. 
This is the moft complete, and contains matter not to be 
met with in Scheuchzer’s verfion. The ftyle of Ksempfer 
is prolix, and without elegance ; but his information is 
correct and original. Life of Kampfer, prefixed to Dohm's edit. 
KAJMPFEtRIA, f. [fo named by Linnaeus from the 
fubjeft of the preceding article.] In botany, a genus of 
the ciafs monandria, order monogynia, natural order of 
feitaminese, (cannas, Juff.) The generic characters are— 
Calyx: perianthium fuperior, obfeure. Corolla: one- 
petalled ; tube long, flenuer ; border flat, fix-parted ; the 
three alternate divifions lanceolate, equal; the other two 
divifions ovate; the upper one two-parted, the divifions 
obcordate ; all equal in length. Stamina: filament one, 
membranaceous, fubovate, emarginate; anther linear, 
doubled, entirely adnate, fcarcely emerging from the tube 
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