5*) 0 K A L 
$. Kalmia glanca, or glaucous kalmia: leaves cppofite, 
oblong,levigated,glaucous underneath, revolute; corymbs 
terminating ; branchlets ancipital. Much inferior in fize 
to latifolia, rarely exceeding two feet in height. It is a 
native of Newfoundland, where it was difcovered by fir 
Jofeph Banks, and by him introduced into this country in 
1767. It flowers in April and May. 
4. Kalmia hirfuta, hairy kalmia; or American ivy : 
leaves ovate, attenuated to both ends; peduncles axillary, 
one-flowered. This fpecies in general appearance bears 
fome refemblance to Andromeda daboecia. Its ufu3l 
height feems to be from two to three feet, and it grows 
upright. The flowers are about the fame lize with thole 
of the preceding, are of a purple colour, and grow in ra¬ 
cemes. Mr. Curtis calls this new fpecies hirfuta, the ftalk, 
leaves, and calyx, being covered with ftrong hairs. It 
was imported from Carolina in the fpring of 1790 by Mr. 
Watfon, nyrferyman at Ifiington, with whom feveral plants 
of it flowered about the middle of September. 
Propagation and Culture. Tliefe fhrubs multiply by their 
creeping roots in North America, and throw up fuckers 
here, if the plants are not removed. The feeds feldom ri¬ 
pen in England, and thofe which are fent from America 
lie in the ground a whole year before the plants appear, 
and afterwards make a very flow progrefs. The late Mr. 
James Gordon was the firlt who fucceeded in raifing the 
plants from feed. The plants that come from fuckers are 
more likely to produce others, and Come to flower much 
fooner. The propagation and culture of tliefe fhrubs not 
being well undevftocd in Mr. Miller’s time, they were then 
not common in England. They fucceed belt in a northern 
afpeft, well fheltered, in a foil compofed of loam and bog- 
earth, in a fituation moderately moift, and where the air 
is perfectly pure. The firff fort, being with difficulty pro¬ 
pagated by fuckers or layers, is molt commonly raifed 
from American feeds. The fecond is extremely hardy, 
thrives beft in bog-earth, and is propagated mofi com¬ 
monly by layers. The’third is propagated in the fame 
manner, and requires the fame treatment as the firlt. The 
fourth is fcarcely to be kept alive in this country by the 
uiofl fkilful management hitherto known. See Rhodo¬ 
dendron. 
KALMISKO'VA, a fortrefs of Rufiia, on the river 
Ural: 108 miles north of Guriev.- 
KALMOU'A, a town of Pruflia, in Natangen: twelve 
miles fouth-fouth-eaff of Marggrabowa. 
KAL'MUCS, a tribe of Tartars, called alfo Eluts, in¬ 
habiting the larger half of what the Europeans call Weftern 
Tartary. Their territory extends from the Cafpian Sea, 
and the river Yaik, or Ural, in 72 degrees of longitude 
from Ferro, to Mount Altay, in *10 degrees, and from 
the 40th to the 53d degree of north latitude; whence it 
may be computed about 1930 miles in length from weft 
to eaft, and in breadth from north to fouth about 650 
miles where broadeft. It is bounded on the north by Ruffia 
and Siberia, from which it is feparated by a chain of 
mountains; on the eaft by Mount Altay; on the fouth by 
the countries of Charafm and the two Bukharias, front 
which it is alfo feparated, partly by a chain of mountains 
and partly by fome rivers. See Tartary. 
By a reference to Little Bukharia, (vol. iii. p. 496.) 
it will appear, that that country was long poffefTed by the 
Kalmucs, who fubdued the more ancient inhabitants, the 
Seres, about the year 1683 ; and were in their turn con¬ 
quered by the Chinefe in 1759. We have therefore, in 
the annexed Engraving, given a reprefentation of one of 
thefe aboriginal inhabitants, contrafted with the modern 
Kalmucs. 
The pbyfiognomy which diftinguifhes the modern Kal¬ 
mucs is pretty generally known. Strangers are made to 
believe that it is frightfully deformed; and, though indeed 
there are very ugly men to be found, yet in general their 
countenance has an opennefs in it that befpeaks a mild, 
frank, and focial, difpofttion. In many it is of a roundifh 
Ca ape, and exceedingly agreeable; among the women 
K A L 
fome would be thought beauties even in thofe Europeatj 
cities where the talfe is molt fcrupulous. The chrafterif- 
tic features of a Kalmuc or Mongol countenance are 
the following : The interior angle of the eye is placed 
obliquely downwards towards the nofe, and is acute and 
fielhy ; the eyebrows are black, narrow, and much arched; 
the nofe is of a ftrufture quite Angular, being generally 
flat and broken towards the forehead; the cheek-bone is 
high, the head and face very round ; the eye is dark, the 
lips thick and fielhy, the chin fliort, and the teeth exceed¬ 
ingly white, continuing fo to old age ; the ears are large. 
Handing out from the head. Among all the Mongul na¬ 
tions, the men have much lel - 9 beard than in our European 
countries, and among the Tartars it appears much later. 
The Kalmucs have moft of it; and yet even with them 
the beard is very fcanty and thin, and few have much hair 
on any other part of the body. In perfon they are in ge¬ 
neral of a middle fize, and it is even rare to fee among 
them a perfon thatris tall; the women efpecially are of low 
ftature. Their limbs are neatly turned, and very few 
have any defers contrafted in infancy. Their education 
being left folely to nature, procures for them a well-formed 
body and found conftitution. The only defeft which is 
common among them is their having the thighs and legs 
fomewhat bent. A fat perfon is hardly ever to be met with 5 
the richeft and moft diftinguilhed, though they lead a life 
fufficiently indolent, and enjoy abundance of every thing 
they defire, are never exceftively corpulent. Their ikiti is 
pretty fair, efpecially when young ; but it is the cuftom 
of the lower fort to allow their male children to go quite 
naked, both in the heat of the fun and in the fmoky at- 
mofphere of their huts ; the men too fleep naked, or co¬ 
vered only with their drawers; and from thefecircumftances 
they acquire that yellowifti-brown colour which charac¬ 
terizes them. The women, on the contrary, have a very 
delicate complexion ; among thofe of a certain rank are 
found fome with the moft beautiful faces, the whitenefs 
of which is fet off by the fine black of their hair; and in 
this as weil as in their features they perfeftly refemble 
the figures in Chinefe paintings. The drefs of the men 
does not reach below tire calf of the leg, with girdles like 
the Polifli. The female raiment is nearly limilar; with 
the addition of earrings, and the hair decorated with rib¬ 
bons; and they tinge their nails with henna. Both fexes 
wear trowfers, with light boots of Ruffian leather. 
People that lead a paltoral life enjoy the bodily fenfes 
in the greateft perfection. The Kalmucs find the fubtil- 
ty of their fenfe of fmell very ufeful in their military ex¬ 
peditions, for by it they perceive at a diftance the finoke 
of a fire or the fmell of a camp ; there are many of them 
who can tell, by applying their nofe to the hole of a fox 
or any other quadruped, if the animal be within or not. 
They hear at a great diftance the trampling of horfes, the 
noife of any enemy, of a flock of fheep, or even of ftrayed 
cattle; they have only to ftretch themfelves on the ground, 
and to apply their ear dole to the turf. But nothing is 
more aftonilhing than the acutenefs of fight in moft of the 
Kalmucs, and the extraordinary diftance at which they 
often perceive very minute objefts, fuch as the duft raifed 
by cattle or horfes, and this from places very little ele¬ 
vated ; in immenfe level deferts, though the particular 
inequalities of the ftirface, and the vapours'which in fine 
weather are feen to undulate over the foil in great heats, 
confiderably increafe the difficulty. They are alfo accuf- 
tomed to trace the print of a foot in thefe deferts by the 
fight alone. 
Thefe people poflefs many good qualities, which give 
them a great fuperiority over the wandering. Tartars. A 
certain natural fagacity, a focial difpofition, hofpitality, 
eagernefs to oblige, fidelity to their chiefs, much curioft- 
ty, and a certain vivacity, accompanied with good hu¬ 
mour, which hardly ever forfakes even the moft wretched 
among them, form the fair fide of their charafter. On 
the other hand, they are carelefs, iuperficial, and want 
true courage; befldes, they are remarkable for credulity, 
diitruft. 
