812 
KNIGHTHOOD. 
verfed with a band fet with pearls, on which were em¬ 
broidered the words, Allen, Allen ; meaning, it isfuppcfed, 
Allans, allons, tous enfemble au firvice de Dicu, et unijfons-nous 
pour la defenje de notre pays ; “ Let us go, let us go, all to¬ 
gether, to the fcrvice of God and the defence of our coun¬ 
try.” But, as we have no Vouchers for this interpreta¬ 
tion, and as the word alien, even in fo early a time, does 
not appear to have been tiled for allons, we cannot agree 
■with the fupporters of this interpretation. The habit was 
of blue filk, lined with red fatin, and embroidered with 
gold. The collar is of gold, compofed of lozenges, ena¬ 
melled green, and filled with golden fieur-de-lis, and the 
word Esperance in Roman capitals. At the centre of 
the collar, which refted on the ftomach, hung an oval, 
whereon was enamelled the Holy Virgin Mary encompalled 
by a fun or, and crowned with twelve elloiles argent; 
under the feet a crefcent; the manner in which the virgin 
is generally reprelented, alluding to her immaculate con¬ 
ception. See Plate III. 
LXV. The Order of St. Anthony in Hainault. 
Albert duke of Bavaria, earl of Hainault, Holland, and 
Zealand, defigning an expedition againft the Turks and 
Moors, inlfituted this order in 1382. The enfign con¬ 
fided of a golden collar wrought after the fafhion of an 
hermit’s girdle, at the centre thereof hung a crutch, and 
a fmall bell of gold ; attributes generally given, in paint¬ 
ings, to the proto-hermit St. Anthony. 
LXVI. The Knights of the Reale, or of the Li¬ 
oness. Ladiflaus, fon of Charles Duras, having been 
proclaimed and crowned king of Naples at Gaeta, the Nea¬ 
politans fet up Louis II. duke of Anjou, and laid a foun¬ 
dation for the bloody wars which foon followed. Thefe 
troubles divided the Neapolitan nobility into two factions. 
Thofe who declared themfelves for the houfe of Anjou 
wore on their left arm a golden reale embroidered on a 
red ground, by way of contempt to queen Margaret, wi¬ 
dow of Charles III. who wanted to hold the reins of the 
government during the minority of Ladiflaus, and called 
themfelves Knights of the Reale; whilft others wore on 
their bread the figure of a lionefs, with her feet tied ; in 
allufion to the power of the queen being counteracted ; 
and they called themfelves Knights of the Lionefs. 
LXVII. The Order of the Dove, or of the Holy 
Ghost, in Castile, was inftituted in the year 1379, by 
John I. king of Caftile, or by his fon Henry, as fome au¬ 
thors aflert, in 1395 ; but, the king dying the very year 
in which the order was created, it did not lalt long after 
his demife. The city of Segovia was the place where the 
ceremonies of the foundation were folemnized. Some 
writers affirm that the date of the inftitution was 1390 ; 
but, this order having been long extinff, it does not mat¬ 
ter much at what exact period of time it was enabled. 
The badge was a dove dilplayed argent, furrounded with 
rays of gold. See Plate III. 
LXVIII. The Order of the Passion of Jesus 
Christ. Having been held once in great repute and ef- 
teem, this order deferves from us a more particular notice 
than many, which, if we may fay fo, were but ephemerous, 
comparatively with others of long Handing. On the con- 
clution of the peace between Richard II. of England and 
Charles VI. of France, they united to inftitute this order, 
with a view of protecting and giving relief to the Chrif- 
tians, who, after the lofs of the holy places, were molt 
cruelly opprefled in Paleftine, and all other regions of the 
Levant, by the pride of the Saracens, the treachery of the 
Moors, and foinetitnes by the jealoufy of the Greeks. 
Philip de Maifiere, in a very interefling manufcript, which 
is preferved, to this day, in the Arundelian library, gives 
us an account of the reafons which prompted the two 
nionarchs to ereft the order. De Maifiere was chancellor 
of the ifland of Cyprus, under the then titulary king of 
Jerufalem, and was enabled to get at the real truth con¬ 
cerning the origin of this religious and military afifocia- 
tion. It begins thus in the tranflation : “ Forafmuch as, 
by reafon of the three deadly fins which began to 
reign among the Chriftians, namely, pride, covetoufnefs, 
and luxury, God permitted the Saracens, enemies of the' 
faith, to overcome Jerufalem’ and the Holy Land, to the 
flrame and difgrace of Chriftendom ; therefore, to renew 
the memory of the Paffion of Chrift, thereby to extirpate 
thofe deadly fins, and to make way for the conqueft of 
Jerufalem and the holy places, the overthrow and confu- 
fion of the enemies of the faith, this order was eretted.” 
Then follow twenty caufes which the author afligns for 
the neceflity of inftituting this order; but, as they relate 
to objects which are now of little or no import, we fliall 
not enumerate them. Our readers will perceive from the 
following extraffs what was the external and internal eco¬ 
nomy of this inftitution. 
The principal officer of the chivalry was the grand juf- 
ticiary, to whom belonged the judgment of all criminal 
affairs, and the difpofal of all offices and places. The 
next was the grand bailiff, in French grand bailly ; he re- 
fided in the principal convents, in order to adminifter juf- 
tice, both civil and criminal, to all who lived there. 
Thirdly, in every caftle and city an officer called Potejale, 
from potejlas, power, had the main control of the place. 
There were belides feveral lenators, a dictator, and exe¬ 
cutors of juftice. The number of the knights exceeded a 
thoufand, and each of them was to keep an efquire armed at 
all points, and a page to bear his lance and helmet, befules 
a fervant habited in a loofe coat to carry his mail, and an¬ 
other on foot to lead his fumpter, or palfrey ; for, in any 
warlike expedition, the knight was obliged to keep five 
horfcs and four fervants, and in time of peace two or three 
horfes only. Badge, a red crofs, four fingers broad, edged 
with gold, and charged in the centre with a cartouch, or 
oftagon fliield ; thereon a holy lamb, or, as it is generally 
called, Agnus Dei; gold. The habit was white, and this 
badge embroidered upon it. The fame badge was em¬ 
broidered upon the banner and fhicld of every knight. 
Alhmole, who has tranflated nearly the wdiole of the 
French manufcript, may be confulted upon fome other in- 
terefting particulars concerning this order. 
LXIX. The Order of St. George, in Burgundy. 
Philbert or Philibert de Miolans, who had travelled to 
the Levant, having brought with him fome relics of St. 
George, in 1400, depofited them, with folemn ceremonies, 
in a chapel he had built for the purpofe near the pariffi- 
church of Rougemont; and on that occafion inftituted 
an order, in which women alfo were admitted ; but we 
can hardly conlider this as being a knightly affociation. 
However, as feveral authors have recorded it among the 
other orders of knighthood, we have thought neceflary to 
mention it here. The badge was a St. George on horfe- 
back overthrowing the dragon, fimilar to that appended 
to the collar of the order of the Garter. This badge was 
worn pendent to a blue ribbon tied to a button-hole. 
LXX. The Order of the Porcupine, in France. 
Louis of France, fecond fon of Charles V. and alfo called 
Monfuur, had been long at variance with John duke of Bur¬ 
gundy, his inveterate enemy. He feized the occafion of 
the birth of his fon Charles to inftitute this order; and, 
“ not only,” fays Aflimole, “out of the high hopes he en¬ 
tertained of this child, but alfo to intimate fomething of 
revenge againft his rival, adopted the porcupine for the 
badge of the order, with the motto, Cominus et eminus ; in 
French, Deprcs et de loin." The order confifted of five-and- 
twenty knights; and Hannotin de Cleriaux, a contempo¬ 
rary herald, who attended the chriftening of the young 
prince in his herald’s coat or tabbard, fet down an account 
of the inftitution by Monjieur of Orleans, together with 
the names of the princes, lords, and gentlemen, who re¬ 
ceived the infignia of the new order. 
The habit affigned to the knights was a coat of violet 
velvet and an ermine chaperon and tunic. This order has 
been alfo called theOrder of the Cameo, becatife the knights, 
at the time of their admiflion, received a ring fet with a 
cameo, whereon the figure of a porcupine was cut in re¬ 
lief. After the death of Louis XII. a defcendant of the 
founder, 
