SIS 
KNIGHTHOOD. 
n^oirogram III S. with a circumflex over the letters. The 
motto : Salus et gloria. This badge was generally worn 
pendent to a black ribbon. 
CIV. The Order of Danebroo. It is reported that 
the fii'ft inftitution of this order took place on St. Law¬ 
rence’s day, the ioth of Auguft, in the year 1219, on the 
occafion following: Wilderman II. king of Denmark, 
having given battle to the Livonians, was on the point of 
being beaten away from the field, when a flag, entigned 
with a white crofs, fell on a Hidden from the clouds in 
tire prefence of. his own army. Such a wonderful event 
was well calculated to revive the courage of his troops-; 
they renewed the engagement, charged the enemy with 
fury, and recalled victory to their fide. This is not the 
firft inftance of miraculous apparitions having Simulated 
whole armies to brave danger and encounter death with 
undaunted courage : but we leave to our readers to judge 
of the authenticity of the faff. The name of Danebrog, 
or Daneburgh, fignifles in the Danifh language, “ the 
Ilrength of the Danes.” Chriftian V. revived the order 
in; 1671. 
The collar con-fifts of a chain, and the letters W and C 
alternately, each of them crowned with the royal crown 
of Denmark; between the letters a plain crofs enamelled 
white; in the centre the letter C, and the figure 5; the 
letter alluding to the founder of the order, and the figure 
to the reviver of it. The badge is a crofs patee enamelled 
white, charged with eleven diamonds. The collar and 
badge are worn by the knights on grand days ; on other 
days, a ribbon white, edged red, borne fcarfwife from 
right to left, at which the badge was pendent. The 
knights have likewile a filver (far embroidered upon their 
coats, lurmounted with a crofs argent, edged gules, and 
infcribed C. V. reflitutor. 
CV. The Order of Generosity. Frederic III. 
when he was electoral prince of Brandenburg, and before 
be became king of Pruflia, inftituted this order in 1685. 
The badge of the order confided of a gold crofs of eight 
points azure, bearing around the centre point the French 
word Gencrofite. The knights ufed to wear it pendent to 
a blue ribbon. 
CVI. The Royal and Military Order, of St. 
Louis, in France. This order was inftituted by Louis XIV. 
in the year 1693 ; and placed under the protection and 
with the denomination of St. Louis, who was much vene¬ 
rated in France as a worthy king and a great faint. Leav¬ 
ing the care of his kingdom to his mother Blanch of 
Caftile, and the abbe Sugar of St. Denis, he engaged in the 
crufades ; and, after having given brilliant proofs of bra¬ 
very and generofity, died of the peftilence at Tunis in 
1270, (lee vol. vii. p. 672, 3.) wherefrom his body was 
tranfported to France, and carried to the abbey of St. De- 
• -nis upon the (boulders of his Ions, who performed that 
filial and funeral duty barefooted, and with evident marks 
of profound refpeft and fincere devotion. He was cano¬ 
nized in 1297 ; and his memory is to this moment much 
revered in France, and other parts of the continent. 
Henry III. in 1693, had founded an order which was 
called The Chriftian Charity, in favour of maimed officers 
and difabled foldiers. Louis XIV. whofe mind was natu¬ 
rally propenfe to warlike exploits, thought that the belt 
amends he could make to the world and to God, for the 
blood his ambition had caufed to be fpent, was to take 
up again this humane eftablifliment; and he thereupon 
built the admirable houfe called at firft the Hotel of Mars.; 
but, after the dedication of the church, the Hotel of the 
Invalids. 
St. Louis was particularly admired for his warlike ex¬ 
ploits at the Levant, but much more refpedled for his good 
deedsat home, and, in particular, for his erecting the Quinze 
Vingts, a moft admirable and comfortable eftablifliment at 
Paris for three hundred of the blind felefted from all parts 
of the kingdom. Louis XIV. was praifed, extolled, adored, 
as the godlike ruler of the French nation ; yet, for a long 
time, they beheld him only the brave warrior and fuccelf- 
ful conqueror; but, when he founded the Hofpital of th« 
Invalids, and provided for the lame and the infirm among 
thofe who had devoted their lives to his fervice, and 
bought the greateltpart of his glory with the greateft part 
of their blood, then he was not adored as a god, but, what 
is much more noble, loved as a man ; and the hand of 
Hiftory has recorded the inftitution of the Order of St. 
Louis'and the ereftion of the Hotel des Invalides with a 
much greater glow of pleaf'ure and fat is faff ion than the 
battles he had lo courageoufly won. 
_ The inftitution of the Order of St. Louis was moft in¬ 
timately conneiied with the erefiion of the hofpital above 
mentioned ; and therefore the church which was annexed 
to it (one of the bed fpecimens of elegant architeffure 
which the feventeenth century has produced) was appro¬ 
priated to the ufe of the Order. The dome was painted 
in freico by Mignard and other illuftrious artifts of that 
age; and no ftranger could come into the body of the 
church without being aftefted, nearly to fhed tears, at the 
fight of feveral veterans kneeling down on the marble 
pavement of the nave and other parts of the church, bend¬ 
ing their war-worn limbs before the altar of the God of 
Sabbaoth, in prayers truly fincere and difinferefted, as 
their appearance there was not, could not be, calculated 
to excite the generofity of the vifitors. Begging was for¬ 
bidden upon very fevere penalties. 
The badge of the order was a crofs of eight points, like 
that of Malta, enamelled white, and edged with gold; in 
the angles of the four divifions a fleur-de-lis, alfo gold, 
and on the centre a.circle or a medal, upon which was 
enamelled in proper colours the image of St. Louis in ar¬ 
mour,-with the royal mantle of France, blue feme of fleur- 
de-lis or, thrown upon his fhoulders; his right hand hold¬ 
ing a golden fccptre ; his left the crown of thorns and the 
paffion- nails; with the words, Ltidovicus Magnusinftituit, 1693. 
On the other fide, a fword eredt palling through a crown or. 
The motto of the order is Bcllica virtutis premium. See 
Plate IV. The order confifts of eight grand crofles, and 
twenty-four commanders; but the number of the knights 
feems to have not been limited. The king of France 
(now in England) is the grand mafter, and bellows the 
knighthood upon whom he thinks worthy of the dignity. 
CVII. The Order of the Black Eagle, in Pruflia. 
It is evident that the name given to this order originated 
from the armorial bearings of the kingdom of Pruflia, the 
moft prominent charge of which is a black eagle. Frederic I. 
inftituted the order in the year 1701, and it has been fince 
in great repute in that part of Europe. The enfign is a 
gold crofs of eight points enamelled blue ; in the centre 
of which the letters F and R are made into a cipher; at 
the four angles of the crofs the eagle, enamelled fable. 
On grand and folemn days this crofs is worn pendent 
from a collar compofed of round pieces of gold, each en¬ 
amelled with four ciphers of the above-mentioned letters 
F and R, meaning Fredericus Rex; in the Centre of the 
piece is a large diamond, and over each cipher a royal 
crown, all richly chafed, intermixed with eagles difplayed 
enamelled fable, alternately, and holding in both claws or 
talons thunderbolts of gold. The badge is worn on com¬ 
mon days pendent to a broad orange-coloured ribbon, 
which is worn fcarfwife from the right fhoukler to the left 
fide of the knight. This colour was efpecially adopted 
by the founder in hoaiour of his mother, who was a 
princefs of the houfe of Orange, and in right of whom 
he pretended to be the next heir to William III. king 
of England. The knights have alfo a filver ftar embroi¬ 
dered on their upper garments, in the centre of which is 
a black eagle'difplayed, holding in his dexter claw a chap¬ 
let of laurel, and in the finifter a thunderbolt; with the 
following motto in gold letters : Suum caique ,; “ To every 
one his own.” See Plate IV. 
CVIII. The Order of St. Rupert, in Germany. 
John Erneft de Thun, archbifhop of Salzburg, and fuccef- 
for to St. Rupert, who had been bifhop of that city feve- 
ral centuries before him, conceived the idea of eredting 
an 
it 
