K O E 
mountaineers, accuftomed to independence, and who feem 
to form a feparate nation; they are no lefs ferocious than 
the favage animals among which they live. The manda¬ 
rins and governors who are fent to this province arefome- 
times dilgraced noblemen, whom the emperor does not 
think proper to difcard entirely, either on account of their 
alliances, or the fervices which they have rendered to the 
State; numerous garrifons are intruded to their charge, to 
overawe the inhabitants of the country; but thefe troops 
are found infufficient, and the court defpairs of being 
ever able thoroughly to fubdue thefe untraflable moun¬ 
taineers. Frequent attempts have been made to reduce 
them to obedience, and new forts have from time to time 
been ereffed in their country; but the people, who are 
not ignorant of thofe defigns, keep themfelves fhut up 
among their mountains, and-feldom iffue forth but to de- 
ftroy the Chinefe works or ravage their lands. Neither 
iilk duffs nor cotton cloths are manufactured in this pro¬ 
vince; but it produces a certain herb much refembling our 
hemp, the cloth made of which is ufed for fummer drefles. 
Mines of gold, filver, quickf.lver, and copper, are found 
here; of the laft metal, thofe fmall pieces of money are 
made which are in common circulation throughout the 
empire. Koei-tcheou contains ten cities of the firft clafs, 
and thirty-eight of the fecond and third; and nine mil¬ 
lions of inhabitants. 
KOE'I-TCHEOU', a city of China, of the firlt rank, 
in the province of Se-tchuen. This city is leated on the 
banks of the great river Kincha, or Yang-tfe, and is the 
key to the province, where there is a cultom-houfe kept 
to receive the duties on the merchandife which is brought 
there. It is very rich, through its great commerce. There 
are ten towns within its jurifdiCtion, one of the fecond or¬ 
der, and nine of the third. Although the country is 
mountainous, yet the induftry of the hufbandmen has 
made it very fruitful. Great quantities of mufk are col¬ 
lected in the neighbourhood, and there are feveral fprings 
from which they procure fait. Orange and lemon trees 
are very common. In the northern part the mountains 
are rugged and iteep, and inhabited by a very barbar¬ 
ous people, when compared with the common Chinefe: 
637 miles fouth-fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 31.10. N. 
Ion. 109. 14. E. 
KOE'I-TING', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Koei-tcheou: twenty-five miles north-weft of Tou-yuen. 
KO'EINGSBRUCK, a river of France, which runs 
into the Rhine near Seitz, in the department of the Lower 
Rhine. 
KCEL'BRA, a town of Germany, in the county of 
Schwartzburg-Rudolftadt: fix miles north of Frankenhau- 
fen, and twelve fouth-eaft of Nordhaufen. 
KOELCOT'TY, a town of Thibet, on the Ganges 
thirty miles fouth of Gangotri. 
KOE'LE, a ridge of mountains between Sweden and 
Norway. 
KOELPIN'IA,yi in botany ; [fo named by profefior 
Pallas, in the third volume of his Ruffian Travels, in me¬ 
mory of his friend, Alexander-Bernard Koclpin, profeffor of 
phyfic at Stetin, in Pomerania, author of feveral botani¬ 
cal traCts.] Pallas fubmits this genus to the decificfn of 
thofe who, as he modeftly fays, take the lead in botany. 
Few are more worthy to do fo than himfelf, and his Ko- 
elpinia is eftablifhed as a genus by Schreber and Willde- 
now, though they found themfelves obliged to adopt a 
different name, this Identical genus being the Rhagadio- 
lus of Casfalpinus, Tournefort, Vaillant, Juffieu, and 
Gaertner; but the fpecies of which it confifts will be 
found to be the three laft of the genus Lapsana, which 
fee, vol. xii. 
KOELREUTE'RIA,yi [fo named by Laxmann, in ho¬ 
nour of Jofeph-Gottlieb Koelreuter, who uublifhed De Plantis 
quibufdam rarioribus. Tubing. 1755; with a differtation 
de InfeCtis coleopteris. He alfo made many experiments 
on the pollen of flowers, hybridous plants, &c.] In bo¬ 
tany, a genus of the clafs polygamia, order monoecia, na- 
Voh. XI. No. 800, 
K O E 84{> 
tural order of trihilatse, (fapindi, Juff.) The generic cha¬ 
racters are—I. Hermaphrodite flowers. Calyx : perian- 
thium five-leaved, inferior: leaflets ovate, blunt, concave, 
membranaceous, unequal, afcending towards the upper 
fide, gaping below. Corolla ; petals four equal, afcend¬ 
ing towards the upper fide, the two lower oppofite; claws 
roundifh, upright, the length of the calyx ; borders lan¬ 
ceolate, recurved at the tip, fpreading. NeCtary : fcale- 
lets four, upright, two-parted, faftened to the claws of 
the petals, forming a crown at the opening. Glands three, 
between the ftamens and piftil. Stamina: filaments eight, 
awl-fhaped, upright, fixed to a columnar receptacle ; an- 
therse oblong, blunt. Piltillum: germ oblong, three-fi- 
ded, placed on the columnar receptacle; ftyle fimple, 
three-cornered, afcending, the length of the petals. Stig¬ 
ma : triad, fpreading, fmall. Pericarpium : capfule ob¬ 
long, three-celled, placed on the column. Seeds in pairs. 
II. Males, fuperior. Calyx, corolla, and ftamina, as in the 
hermaphrodite .—EJfcntial CkaraEler. Calyx five-leaved ; 
petals four; nefitary double, four fcaleletsand three’glands; 
ftamina eight; fixed to a column; germ three-fided, fix¬ 
ed to the fame column. Capfule three-celled, with two 
cells in each cell. 
Koelreuteria paullinioideS, a Angle fpecies. Trunk ar¬ 
boreous, upright, round, fmooth, branched, exceeding the 
height of a man. Branches fcattered, fpreading, twilled, 
when young having dotted glands fcattered over them. 
Buds from the axils of the leaves very refinous, cone- 
fhaped with imbricate fcales. It is a polygamous tree, 
and a native of China. 
KOELSKA'IA, a fortrefs of Raffia, in the government 
of Upha, on the Upelka: forty miles fouth-weft of Tche- 
liabinfk. 
KO'EN, a town of China, of the third rank, in Se- 
tchuen : thirty-feven miles weft of Han. 
KO'EN-CHAN', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Kiang-nan : ten miles north-eaft of Sou-tcheou. 
KO'EN-YANG', a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 
Yun-nan: 1170 miles louth-fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 
24. 6. N. Ion. 102. 24. E. 
KOE'NIG (George-Matthias), a learned German, born 
at Altorf in Franconia in 1616. He became profeffor of 
poetry and of the Greek tongue there, and librarian to 
the univerfity; in which laft office he fucceeded his father. 
He gave feveral public fpecimens of his learning ; but is 
principally known for a biographical diftionary, entitled. 
Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 4to. Altorf, 1674; which, 
though very defective, is ufeful to biographers. He died 
in 1699. 
KOE'NIG (Antoine-Balthafar),aPruflian engraver, was 
born at Berlin in the year 1676, and died in the fame city 
fome time about 1740. His prints, of which the follow¬ 
ing portraits are thofe which are held in moft eftec-m, are 
not without a certain portion of merit: Frederic-William 
king of Pruffia; Frederic baron de Derfflinger, general of 
Pruffian cavalry; Charles Gottfried Schrader, auliccoun- 
fellor, to the king of Pruffia ; Alexander Hermann, comte 
de Wartenfleben ; and the monument of Schrader, with 
a Latin infcription, 
KOE'NIG (Samuel), a learned philofopher and mathe¬ 
matician in the eighteenth century, was a Swifs by birth, 
and diftinguifhed himfelf early in life by his mathematical 
abilities. He refided for two years at the caftle of Cirey, 
where the illuftrious marchionefs de Chatelet was his pu¬ 
pil, and by her proficiency refleded great credit on hisin- 
ftrudions. Afterwards he filled the chair of philofophy 
and natural law in the univerfity of Franeker ; whence he 
removed to the Hague, where he had the appointment of 
librarian to the ftadtholder and the princeis of Orange. 
He was defied a member of the Academy of Sciences at 
Berlin; but was afterwards expelled from that body The 
occafion of that expulfion was as follows : Maupertui , the 
prefident, had inferted in the volume of the Memoirs for 
1746, “A Difcourfe upon the Laws of Motion,” which 
Koenig not only attacked, but cited an extraCl from a 
10 G manufcript 
