K O U 
tail of the procefs the nobleman fubjoined, that, in order 
to obtain milk in fufficient quantity, the Tartars have a 
cultom of feparating the foal from the mare during the 
day, and allowing it to fuck during the night: and, when 
the milk is to be taken from the mare, which is generally 
about five times a-day, they always produce the foal, on 
the fuppofition that the yields her milk more copioufly 
■when it is prefent. 
This preparation has been found ferviceable in heftics 
and nervous complaints ; and the doftor relates fome very 
ftriking cafes which the ufe of it had completely cured. 
All thofe who drank it, he informs us, agreed in faying, 
that during its ufe they had little appetite for food ; that 
they drank it in very large quantities, not only without 
difguft, but with pleafure ; that it rendered their veins 
turgid, without producing languor; that, on the contra' 
ry, they foon acquired from it an uncommon degree of 
fprightlinefs and vivacity; that even in cafes of fome ex- 
cefs it was not followed by indigeftion, head-ach, or any 
of the fymptoms. which ulually attend the abufe of other 
fermented liquors. 
The utility, however, of this - preparation as a medi¬ 
cine, fuppofing it completely afcertained, would among 
us, as our author obferves, be greatly circumfcribed by 
the fcarcity of mares’ milk in this country. “ Hence (fays 
lie) inquiries will naturally be made, whether other fpe- 
cies of milk admit a fimilar vinous fermentation, and what 
proportion of fpirit they contain. As thefe have never 
been the objeft, however, of my attention, I will here 
give the fubltance of what I have been able to learn from 
Others refpefting that which is the molt common, the milk 
of cows. Dr. Fallas, in the work above quoted, fays, 
that cows’ milk is alfo fufceptible of the vinous fermen¬ 
tation, and that the Tartars prepare a wine from it in 
winter, when mares’ milk fails them ; that the wine pre¬ 
pared from cows' milk, they call airen ; but that they al¬ 
ways prefer kcumifs when it can be got, as it is more 
agreeable, and contains a greater quantity of fpirit; that 
koumifs on diftillation yields of a weak fpirit one third, 
but that airen yields only two ninth parts of its whole 
quantity, which fpirit they call arica. This account is 
confirmed by Oferetlkowfky, a Ruffian, who accompanied 
Lepechin and other academicians in their travels through 
Siberia and Tartary. He publifhed lately a diflertation on 
the ardent fpirit to be obtained from cows’ milk. From 
Ills experiments it appears, that cows’ milk may be fer¬ 
mented with, or even without, fouling, provided fuffi¬ 
cient time and agitation be employed; that no fpirit could 
be produced from any of its condiment parts taken fepa- 
rately, nor from any two of them, unlefs inafmuch as 
they are mixed with fome part of the third; that the milk 
with all its parts in their natural proportion was the molt 
productive of it; that the clofer it was kept, or, which 
is the fame thing, the more difficultly the fixed air is al¬ 
lowed to efcape during the fermentation (care being taken, 
however, that we do not endanger the burfting of the vef- 
fel), the more fpirit is obtained. He alfo informs us, 
that it had a fourer fmell before than after agitation; that 
the quantity of fpirit was increafed, by allowing the fer¬ 
mented liquor to repofe for fome time before diltillation ; 
that from fix pints of milk fermented in a clofe veflel, and 
thus fet to repofe, he obtained three ounces of ardent fpi¬ 
rit, of which one was confumed in burning ; but that, 
from the fame quantity of the fame milk fermented in an 
open veffd, he could fcarcely obtain an ounce.” 
KOUN, a town of Auftria : one mile north of Eggen- 
burg. 
KOUND'GI-AG'HIZ, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in 
the government of Sivas, on the coaft of the Black Sea : 
fifteen miles north-weft of Samfoun. 
KOUNME'ON, a town of Birmah : fix miles eaft of 
Monchaboo, and forty-eight north of Ava. Lat. 22. 35.N. 
Ion. 97. 56. E. 
KOU'REH, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia: 
forty-four miles weft of Kiutajah. 
Vol. XI. No. 802. 
K O Z 8 m 
KOUR AT'TY, a town of Hindooftan, in Dowlatabad .- 
fifteen miles weft of Carmulla. 
KOURESTAN', a town of Perfia, in Lariftan : thirty- 
fix miles fouth of Tarem. 
KOUR'MA. See Kurma. 
KOV'ROV, a town of Ruffia, in the government of 
Vladimir, on the Kliazma : twenty-four miles eaft of Vla¬ 
dimir. 
KOUR'TOU-PALHAS'SUN, a town of Chinefe Tar¬ 
tary, in the Monguls’ country: twelve miles fouth-weft of 
Tchao-nairriah-foume. 
KOUROlF, a river of Guiana, which runs into the At¬ 
lantic in lat. 5. 5. N. Ion. 53. 36. W. 
KOUS, or Cous, a town of Egypt, on the eaft coaft of 
the Nile, anciently the Little Apollinopolis : eighteen 
miles fouth of Dendera, and forty-five north-north-ealt of 
Afna. See the article Egypt, vol. vi. p. 356. 
KOUS'SIE, a river of Africa, which runs into the At- 
lantic in lat. 30. 12. S. Ion. 17. 50. E. 
KOU'TA, a town of Hindooftan, in Vifiapour: ten 
miles north of Merritch. 
KOW'AI, a town of Afia, in the province of Adir- 
beitzan : 120 miles weft of Tauris. 
KOW'AL, or Cowal, a towm of Poland, in the pala¬ 
tinate of Brzefc : fixteen miles eaft of Brzefc. 
KOWALEWO'. See Schonsee. 
KOW'AN, a town of Bohemia, in Boleftaw : four miles 
weft of Jung Buntzel. 
KOW'AR, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Bur- 
fali, on the river Gambia, with a confiderable traffic in 
flaves. 
KOWAR'SKO, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate 
of Wilna: ten miles north of Wilkomierz. 
KOW'EL, a town of Poland, in Volhynia: twenty- 
eight miles north-weft of Lucko. 
KOW'ERO, a town of Sweden, in the government of 
Kuopio: eighty miles eall-fouth-eaft of Kuopio. 
KOW'NQ, or Kowie, a town of Lithuania, in the pa¬ 
latinate of Troki, at the donflux of the rivers Wilna and 
Niemen; containing eleven churches, one of which is Lu¬ 
theran ; a part of the inhabitants are Germans: forty miles 
north-weft of Troki. Lat. 54. 54. N. Ion. 23. 45. E. 
KOW'RA, a town of Birmah: eight miles north of 
Raynangong. 
KOW'RAH, a town of Hindooftan, in Guzerat: ten 
miles fouth of Gogo. 
KOWRO'WA, a village of the ifland of Owyhee, in 
Karakakooa Bay, where captain Cook was killed in the 
year 1779. 
KOY'AHT, a fmall ifle at the fouth end of Wafhington 
Ifle, at the entrance of a ftrait feparating a fmall ifle from 
the largeft. 
KOYDANOW', a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate 
of Minlk : fixteen miles fouth-fouth-weft of Minlk. 
KOZACHAROV', a fortrefs of Ruffia, in the govern¬ 
ment of Caucafus, on the Ural: thirty-fix miles louth of 
Urallk. 
KO'ZAK (John Sophronitis), a phyfician of fome ce¬ 
lebrity, was a native of Bohemia, and praftifed his pro- 
feffion at Bremen during a feries of forty-five years, and 
died there on the 30th of January 1685, at the age of 
eighty-two. He was an admirer of Robert Fludd, the ro- 
fycrucian, and adopted many of his fanciful notions in 
his writings. He left the following works : 1. Difcurfus 
Phyfici quatuor, Bremen, 1631. 2. Anatomia vitaii* 
Microcofmi, ibid. 1636. 3. Tractatus fpagyrici de Phle- 
botomis et de Fontanellis, ibid. 1655. 4. Traftatus Me- 
dicus de Sale, Frankfort, 1663. 5. Traftatus de Hae- 
morrhagia, Ulm, 1666. E/oy. Di£i. FUJI. 
KOZANGRO'DEK, a town of Lithuania, in the pala¬ 
tinate of Brzefc : forty-two miles eaft of Pinlk. 
KO'ZAR, a town of Perfia, in the province of Adir- 
beitzan : feventy-five miles weft of Tabris. 
KOZ'DAR, a town of Afia, in the kingdom of Ca-nda- 
har, on the borders of Perfia : 180 miles fouth-fouth-eaft 
10 M of 
