870 K O Z 
of Candahar, and 180 weft of Mcultan. Lat. 30. 30. N. 
Ion. 67. 15. E. 
KOZ'ELETZ, a town of Rufiia, in the government of 
Kiev: twenty-eight miles north-north-eaft of Kiev. 
KOZEI/SK, a town of Rufiia, in the government of 
Kaluga: thirty-fix miles fouth-fouth-weft of Kaluga. 
KOZ'ELUCH (John Anthony), mufic-director in the 
metropolitan church at Prague, was horn atWellwarn, in 
Bohemia, 1738. He ftudied and lived privately many 
years at Prague, long before he obtained any profeflional 
honours or preferment. His firft advancement was to the 
place of chapel-mafter of Chrift-church ; and the next, 
in 1784, was that of organift of the dan-kirk, or cathedral. 
He afterwards diftinguiflied liimfelf as a compofer both 
for the church and theatre. Among his productions for 
the latter are his Italian operas of Demofoonte, and Alef- 
fandro nell’ Indie, by which he very much increafed his 
reputation. 
KOZ'ELUCH (Leopold), a celebrated harpficliord- 
malter, and compofer for that inftrument, at Vienna, was 
born at Wellwarn in 1753. He had learned the principles 
of mufic regularly at eighteen years old, and the art of 
finging. At nineteen he was brought to Prague, where he 
ftudied at the fame time compofition and the harpfichord; 
but, before he was eighteen, he produced fpecimens of his 
genius and talents. In 1771, he publifhed his firft effay 
at compofition, in a ballet for the Prague play-houfe. 
This was followed by twenty-four others, and two panto¬ 
mimes. After this he was invited to Vienna, where he 
eftablifhed himfelf, and whence his fame and works were 
circulated all over Europe, with thofe of Vanlial, Haydn, 
and Mozart. His ftyle is more eafy than that of Emanuel 
Bach, Haydn, or Mozart; it is natural, graceful, and flow¬ 
ing, without imitating any great model, as alinoft all his 
contemporaries have done. He publiftied twenty or thirty 
different fets of harpfichord and piano-forte fonatas, fome 
with and fome without accompaniments, which were not 
only in high favour with the ladies of Vienna, but with 
female dilettanti all over Europe. The adagios and vio¬ 
lin accompaniments to all his pieces have been univerfally 
admired. If any one let of his fonatas was more in fa¬ 
vour at Vienna than another, it was his nth fet. He 
was the firft in Vienna who publiftied duets for two per¬ 
formers on one inftrument, and feveral of them are excel¬ 
lent. He publiftied likewile a duet for two harpfichords, 
or piano-fortes, with many concertos for the harpfichord a 
grand orcheftra. Nor did lie confine himfelf to inftrumen- 
tal mufic ; he fet a French cotnic opera, Le Muret; Di- 
done abbandonata, a ferious opera in Italian; Mofes. in 
Egypt, a grand oratorio, in Italian, 1787. The fame year 
lie was engaged to compofe for the Italian opera; and for 
the national theatre, or German playhoufe, he compofed 
airs, cantatas, and ballets, without end. In 1781, on the 
death of the emprefs-queen, he compofed the mufic to a 
tery pathetic dirge; Jofeph and his brethren, a cantata, 
with a harpfichord accompaniment only; Pfeifel’s cantata 
for Mad. Paradis, his fcholar in 1784; with innumerable 
Jeffcns and concertos exprefsly for that blind but admira¬ 
ble performer; alfo various fets of trios, and quartets; 
two concertos for clarinets, and two for the violoncello, 
&c. &c. 
KO'ZIN, a town of Poland, inVolhynia: twenty-four 
jniles fouth of Lucko. 
KOZ'LAN, a town of Bohemia, in Rakonitz: twelve 
miles fouth-weft of Rakonitz. 
KOZ'LOV, a town of Rufiia, in the government of 
Tambov, on the Voronez : forty-eight miles north-weft 
of Tambov. 
KOZLO VO, a town of Ruflia, in the government of 
Tcbollk, on the Irtifch : fixty-eight miles north of To- 
foolik. 
KO^MODEMIAN'SK, a town of Ruflia, in the go¬ 
vernment of Kazan, on the Yolga ; roo miles north-weft 
$f Kazan, 
K R A 
KOZORVAR', a town of Tranfilvania: fix miles north 
of Szamofvivar. 
KOZOWAHO'RA, a town of Bohemia, in Moldau : 
three miles eaft of Seltfchan. 
KO'ZU, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Volhy- 
nia : fifty-fix miles eaft of Lucko. 
KPvA'BACH, or Kraueach, a town of the duchy of 
Stiria : four miles north-north-eaft of Knitterfeldt. 
KRAB'BEN, a fmall ifland in the Atlantic, near the 
coaft of Guiana. Lat.o. 10.N. Ion. 57.50. W. 
KRAC, a town or village of Arabia, in the province 
of Hedsjas, anciently Petra Nabathreorum, and the capital 
of Arabia Petrrea. Baldwin I. king of jerufalem took it, 
and called it Mount Royal. It is now in a ftate of decay : 
ninety miles louth of Jerufalem. Lat. 30. 30. N. Ion. 3 6, 
54 ' E. 
KRAFT (George Wolfgand), a celebrated mathema¬ 
tician, and member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences 
at Peterfburgh, was born in 1701 at Dutlingen, where 
his father was then paftor. At an early period, after 
making confiderable progrefs in the elementary part of 
education, he was received into the monaftery of Blau- 
beuren. After refiding here three years, he removed, in 
1720, to the monaftery of Bebenhaufen, where he was in- 
ftructed in the higher branches of lcience by Weiffman 
and Canz; and in the conrfe of two years he was quali¬ 
fied to enter himfelf at the univerfity of Tubingen. Here 
he applied chiefly to geometry and natural philofophy, in 
which he made great progrefs under the celebrated Bulfin- 
ger, who at that time taught at Tubingen. He acquired 
about the fame time the friendfhip of that learned man, 
which had a powerful influence on his future deftination, 
and was the means of procuring him all the advantages 
which he afterwards enjoyed. In 1728, he was admitted 
to the degree of rnafter of arts; and the lame year Bulfin- 
ger, who now refided at Peterfburgh, made him offers 
which he did not hefitate to accept. He fet out for Pe- 
terlburgh in company with M. de Vernoy, where they ar¬ 
rived about the end of the year. M. Kraft received an 
immediate appointment as teacher of mathematics in the 
new college founded by the Imperial Academy of Sci¬ 
ences; and his duty in this office he difcharged in fucli a 
manner as did honour to his talents and induftry. As 
he took care to employ the whole of his leifure time in 
completing his knowledge of the mathematical fciences, 
he was appointed profeffor at the end of five years ; and, 
as he had accuftomed himfelf to make meteorological ob- 
fervations, he was promifed the direftion of the obferva- 
tory; but, this place not being vacant, he was made pro¬ 
feffor of natural philofophy. In confequence, however, 
of the great reputation he had acquired, he was recalled 
to his own country by liis fovereign. The Imperial Aca¬ 
demy delayed as much as poffible to fuller a member of fo 
much utility to leave them ; but the repeated orders of 
the duke obliged M. Kraft to folicit permiftion to refign, 
which was at length granted him. This leave was ac¬ 
companied with the moft diftinguifhed teftinionies of high 
efteem ; and the academy, while it defied him an hono¬ 
rary member, fettled upon him a handfome penfion. He 
quitted Peterfburgh in 1744, and arrived at Tubingen, 
where he entered on his office as profeffor of mathematics 
and natural philofophy, which he retained till the period 
of his death in 1754, at an advanced age. Kis works are; 
1. Inftitutiones Geometries fublimioris, 4to. 1753. 2. 
Prselediones Academical publics in Phyficam Theoreti- 
cam, part i. ii. and iii. 8vo. befides many detached effays 
and academical pieces. Eloges des Acadmiciens de Berlin , 
par Formey. 
KRAFFTS'HOF, a town of Germany, in the territory 
of Nuremberg: four miles north of Nuremberg. 
KRAGLIKPU, a town of Moldavia: ninety-five miles 
north-north-weft of Jaffy. 
KRAGOJE'VA, a town of Servia: forty-five miles 
north-eaft of Novibafar. 
3 KRAG'OVATZ, 
