26 
THE COLORADO EXPERIMENT STATION 
CATARRH OR COLD 
Birds that roost in drafts, or are exposed to sudden changes in the 
weather, are liable to catarrh and colds. Exposure to cold rains is often a 
factor. 
SYMPTOMS.—The appetite may be somewhat diminished. The bird 
sneezes, throws it head and may expel some mucous. The discharge is at 
first watery and later becomes more or less thick. The eyes may appear red 
and show more or less inflammation, and the lids may stick together. The 
characteristic offensive odor of roup is absent. 
TREATMENT.—The same treatment as outlined for roup has given us 
uniformly good results. 
BRONCHITIS.—We have noted in some cases that catarrh commencing 
in the head, principally the nasal chambers, extends down and involves the 
windpipe or trachea and even the branches of the trachea into the lung tissue. 
Sudden changes in the weather, dampness, roosting near a crack so that cold 
winds blow upon the birds, or any kind of a draft are the principal causes. 
SYMPTOMS.—There is a rattling in the region of the trachea and the 
bird may gasp for air by extending the head upward. This is due to the fact 
that an accumulation qf mucous in the air passage partially plugs the tubes 
and interferes with the passage of a normal amount of air to the lungs. As a 
result the bird will cough. There may be dullness and partial loss of appetite. 
The condition may pass off in a few days, respond to treatment, or it may 
last for several weeks and finally end in the death of the bird. 
TREATMENT.—Give a tablespoonful of castor or olive oil. Also give 
one-grain doses of quinine three times a day, and place the bird in a warm 
clean, comfortable quarter, free from drafts. Give plenty of clean water and 
soft food. 
CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS 
This is an engorgement of the blood vessels of the lungs. It has been 
observed in young birds and in birds during their moulting season, when they 
are poorly clad with feathers and exposed to inclement weather. The young 
chicks that aie allowed to run out early in the mornings and become wet with 
the cold dew, or the chicks that are allowed to become wet and chilled with 
the cold spring rains are the ones that suffer from this condition. A contrac¬ 
tion of the blood vessels of the skin and superficial parts, forces an abnormal 
amount of blood to the internal organs and congestion is the result. These 
birds appear sleepy, stupid, breathe rapidly, and in some cases with difficulty 
The comb becomes bluish and the bird may die from a lack of sufficient air 
(asphyxiation). Upon opening the bird after death, the lungs will be found 
gorged with blood. 
PNEUMONIA, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS 
Bronchitis, as described above, often terminates in pneumonia (broncho¬ 
pneumonia). It has been the experience of the writer that this form is the 
more common. Upon opening the bird the affected part of the lung will be 
found to be dark red, and when cut through it will appear liver-like. Serum 
and blood exude from the cut surface. The causes of pneumonia are exposure 
to cold and inclement weather as mentioned under catarrh. 
SWELL HEAD IN YOUNG TURKEYS 
The most characteristic symptoms are swellings of certain parts of the 
head, especially in the region of the maxillary sinus, which becomes filled 
with a gelatinous colorless substance. (For location of sinus, see Fig 1 
No. 31.) 
These swellings may disappear in a few days or weeks, or may remain 
for several months. In the latter instance, the swelling may contain a cheesy 
material of foul odor, and in some cases death of the bird results. 
