Frictional Resistance in 
Artificial Waterways 
33 
A weight placed on the end of the half-inch siphon hose kept it well 
below the water surface. The elevation was then taken from the 
water in the bucket. 
The discharge was measured with the current meter in the 
open channel leading to or away from the siphon. Data relative 
to profile, alignment, length and diameter of pipe was obtained 
from the engineering offices in connection with the projects. 
ARKANSAS VALLEY CONDUIT, PUEBLO. This chan¬ 
nel, which supplies the water to the Minnequa steel plant of the 
Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, at Pueblo, heads on the Arkansas 
River about thirty miles above Pueblo, and closely follows the 
Fig - . 19. Siphon No. 13, Arkansas Valley Conduit, Pueblo. 
bluffs until it reaches the open mesa a few miles below Pueblo. 
To prevent seepage losses in the shaley material characteristic of 
that region, a considerable portion of the canal was concrete-lined. 
Numerous arroyos cross the right-of-way and at these places in¬ 
verted siphons were constructed, varying from a few hundred feet 
!6O0' 
Fig. 20. Siphon No. 14, Arkansas Valley Conduit, Pueblo. 
to over 2,700 feet in length, and with diameters from 48 inches to 
60 inches. Plans and elevations of several of these siphons are 
shown in Figs. 19 to 27, inclusive. These are of wood stave pipe, 
but after only three or four years of service dry rot began and all 
of the twenty-five siphons were encased in reinforced concrete. 
Fig. 21. Siphon No. 12, Arkansas Valley Conduit, Pueblo. 
