16 The Colorado Experiment Station 
whatever. Such kernels are soft and starchy. If such kernels as 
show small yellow spots be cut through transversely, these spots 
will show in the section as white, mealy, or starchy circles imbedded 
in a horny, translucent matrix. (See inserted Plate). 
The plate needs but little explanation. It represents six va¬ 
rieties of wheat, three spring and three winter. The top row in 
each case represents normal flinty berries, the second row mildly 
affected berries and the bottom row badly affected berries. 
While authors are agreed, so far as they attempt to describe 
the appearance of yellow-berry, they are not agreed as to its cause. 
Two different causes are assigned for it in North Dakota bulletins. 
In the one first published, the cause wasi stated definitely to be the 
action of' moisture, air and sun upon the berries while still in the 
chaff. Prof. Bolley, the author, said: 
“From the results the author believes that the white spots are not 
due to crossing, nor are they matters of heredity, but that this peculiar 
mottling is due to the action of moisture, air and sun upon the grain 
while it is yet in the chaff. If the weather action is long continued, the 
grains become evenly bleached over the entire surface. The color and 
hardness of the grain can be maintained by proper care in harvesting 
and curing.” 
This statement is definite in regard to both cause and remedy. 
In Nebraska Bui. 89, we have essentially the same conclusion: 
“The chief cause of this condition is allowing wheat to become over¬ 
ripe and failure to stack the sheaves. ‘Yellow-berries’ as compared with 
hard, red ones have a lower gluten content and are lighter in weight.” 
The authors of the Kansas bulletin 156, do not agree with these 
views for they state definitely 
“It should be further emphasized that the bleached, opaque grains 
due to weathering are not yellow-berries. In weathered kernels the grain 
has an opaque and rather dirty, grayish yellow aspect, which appearance 
affects the grading of the grain adversely, but is not necessarily associat¬ 
ed with an inferior condition of the kernel, although such is frequently 
the result of exposure to the weather.” 
This statement is not in accord with the statements of the two 
bulletins previously quoted. The Nebraska bulletin gives the ac¬ 
tual increase in yellow-berry produced by exposure. I assume, 
as there is no statement to the contrary, that Lyon and Keyser 
sorted their kernels in reflected and not transmitted light and in 
this way failed to count many affected kernels in the protected 
wheat which would have become easily recognized on bleaching 
the grain. In other words, I think that the yellow-berry was ren¬ 
dered more easily recognized, more evident, by the bleaching, but 
not caused by it. There is, however, a fact which would appear to 
