Insects and Insecticides 
II 
the scale insects. This is one of the best means of detecting an infes¬ 
tation in an orchard. On pears it will make more or less of a depres¬ 
sion, but without the scarlet color being so pronounced. For remedies 
see under Bark and Wood. See Figs. 3 and 4. 
Putnam Scale .—This is occasionally found on fruit. See under 
Bark and Wood. 
Howard Scale .—The Howard scale quite often attacks apples anc’ 
pears. It ils often difficult to distinguish this from the San Jose scale. 
The scarlet color on the fruit shows to some extent but is not as char¬ 
acteristic as with the San Jose scale. On pears the depressions under 
the scales are usually well marked. See Plate 3. See Bark and Wood 
for remedies. 
Fig. 4.—San Jose Scale on apples. Note the characteristic reddish blotches around 
the scales. Reduced (After Britton.) 
Foeiage 
Fruit-Tree Leaf-Roller .—This has been a serious pest in one or 
two sections of the State where entire orchards have been largely de¬ 
foliated. It feeds upon all of our fruit trees, with the exception of the 
peach, and upon many shade trees. It passes the winter in the egg 
stage. The eggs are deposited upon the twigs and the bark of the 
trees in masses varying from 25 to 100 or more. The female covers 
the eggs with an impervious gummy substance, which protects them 
and gives them a brown or gravish color. They begin to hatch as the 
buds begin to open and the little worms enter the buds and tie the 
leaves together with webs. As the leaves grow they roll up forming 
