Insects and Insi:cticide:s 
13 
The larvae feed for about four weeks. When mature they are 
light green in color, with brown or black head and legs, and they are 
very active if disturbed. 
Pupation takes place within the nest, only a very delicate cocoon 
being made. The moths emerge in about ten to fourteen days and isoon 
begin laying eggs. There is but one brood a year. See Plate 4. 
Remedies .—Best results have been secured by a thorough appli¬ 
cation of miscible oil, one part in nineteen parts of water, made early 
in the spring before the eggs begin to hatch. Kerosene emulsion failed 
to give the same results. 
Many of the young caterpillars can be killed by the use of arse¬ 
nate of lead, 5 or 6 pound'si of paste in 100 gallons of water. Make 
the first application just as the buds begin to burst, and the second 
just as the cluster buds begin to separate. The regular codling moth 
spray, just after the petals have fallen, should follow. 
San Jose Scale .—See Bark and Wood. 
Putnam Scale .—See Bark and Wood. 
Tent Caterpillar .—This insects passes the winter in the egg stage 
and hatches as the buds begin to open. The worms make nests in the 
forks of branches, in which they remain when not feeding. The eggs 
are placed in clusters of from 100 to 200 on the small branches and 
are covered with a cement-like substance. See Fig. 5. 
Fig. S.—Western '!'em-caterpillar; A, female rnoth; B, C, males; D, apple twig with 
egg masses (M). F, cocoon. 3, egg-mass of American Tent-caterpillar. lyife size, 
Remedies .—The worms are usually kept under control in orch¬ 
ards that are sprayed for the codling moth. Any of the arsenicals will 
