Insects and Inse:cticidks 
21 
Fig. 10.—The Vagabond or Pear-leaf Rust Mite. Ventral and dorsal views. Greatly 
enlarged. (After Malepa from Parrott.) 
Bark and Wood 
San Jose Scale .—This is one of the most dreaded insects to all 
orchardists. It is responsible for the death of thousands of fruit trees 
in many sections of the country each year. The great danger comes 
from the rapidity with which it multiplies, and the difficulty the inex¬ 
perienced orchardist has in locating the infestations. It may be pres¬ 
ent in sufficient numbers to kill the trees before its presence is dis¬ 
covered. It attacks practically all decidious fruits and ornamental 
plants, infesting all parts of trees including trunk, branches, leaves 
and fruit, often getting so abundant on the branches as to encrust 
them with scales, giving them a gray, ashy, dead appearance. See 
Fig- 3 - 
The scale is a waxy secretion which, together with the old cast 
skins of the insect, acts as a protection to the soft yellow insect be¬ 
neath it. The full grown females are covered by a circular scale about 
one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter with a central dark nipple. The 
scale of the male is smaller, gray in color, and oval, with the nipple 
nearer to one end. 
The small, half-grown female scales are dark in color, almost 
black, and circular. This characteristic is used to distinguish this scale 
from the Putnam and Howard scales, and other closely related species. 
When upon fruit the San Jose Scale makes a red or scarlet blotch 
that is quite characteristic. During fruit harvest is one of the best 
times to detect infestations. This same red discoloration is found 
within the outer bark surrounding the feeding place of the insect. See 
Figs. 3 and 4. 
