8-1 
BY THE WAYSIDE 
BY T H E WAYS I D E 
Published on the teDth of each month except July and 
August. 
1 he official organ of the Wisconsin and Illinois Audu¬ 
bon Societies. 
Twenty-five cents per year. Single Copies 3 cents 
All communications should be sent to Miss Edna Ed¬ 
wards, Appleton, Wis. 
NATURE STUDYIN SCHOOLS 
Course of Study. IN. 
LESSONS WITH ANIMALS. 
Domesticated Animals.—The horse is 
made the principal subject for this study. 
Not only should the habits, the care, the 
kinds, the uses of the horse be discussed, 
but the children should be led to find 
out its origin, in this country and in 
Europe, and to appreciate the part it 
has played in the history of man. Re¬ 
view the work on the dog by comparing 
its intelligence, its habits, its uses to 
man, both present and past, with that of 
the horse. Anecdotes may be brought 
in and the stories of famous horses. 
Here is an opportunity to begin to teach 
the children how to supplement their ob¬ 
servations and first-hand knowledge of 
things about them by systematic reading 
and inquiry. 
Laws regarding cruelty to animals 
should now be brought to the children’s 
attention. 
Birds.—Pupils should be encouraged 
to keep individual bird lists. These 
should now be fully accurate. The best 
should be kept in the school that com¬ 
parisons may be made from year to vear 
as to time and species. There should 
now be given more practical directions 
in regard to the placing of bird-houses, 
furnishing water, and providing food for 
winter birds. Pupils will study also, 
the additional list, altered, if necessary, 
to meet local conditions. 
v esper sparrow 
Cedar waxwing 
Purple martin 
Tree swallow 
Kingfisher 
Snow bunting 
Catbird 
Goldfinch 
Junco 
Owls 
Indigo bunting 
Earthworm.—The importance of this 
animal to man is not sufficiently under¬ 
stood. Specimens are easily obtained; 
directions for keeping them so that ob¬ 
servations may be made upon their ef¬ 
fect on the soil nave already been given 
in By the Wayside. Let each pupil 
examine one under the teacher’s direc¬ 
tion to gain some points in regard to its 
structure which will aid in understand¬ 
ing its habits. Suggest that pupils 
watch the worms on the lawn some 
warm spring evening by the aid of a 
small lantern. The teacher may supple¬ 
ment the work by telling something 
about the. life history and the relatives of 
the,common form. 
Insects.— 
Plant lice- Honeybee 
Lady beetle Bumble bee 
Mosquitos Paper wasp 
Wood nymphs - AVeed wasp 
This list includes insects which are es¬ 
pecially favorable for observation. Di¬ 
rections for rearing and studying the 
mosquito will be found in an earlier 
num.bei of the Wayside. Note that the 
list includes the bee, one of the very few 
domesticated insects; emphasize not 
onl\ its diiect value, but the even 
greater value of it and the wild bee in 
bringing about the fertilization of a lar^e 
number of useful plants. Children 
should find specimens of the nests of 
the wasps, if possible, which will form a 
part of the school collection. 
To be continued. 
