22 
BY THE WAYSIDE 
gull, Western gull, blue heron, towhee, 
Falifornia towlise, cliff swallow, barn 
swallow, cedar wax wing, mockingbird, 
dwarf hermit thrush, turkey buzzard 
(vultare), quail (Bob-white), Chinese 
pheasant, pigeon, morning dove, West 
ern niglithawk, red-throated flycatcher, 
American raven, Western bobolink, red- 
winger blackbird, bicolored blackbird, 
crow blackbird, Oregon junco, Western 
meadowlark, house finch, fox sparrow, 
Louisiana tanager, bank swallow, slend- 
der billed nuthatch, wild bittern, linnet, 
snipe mallard duck, mudhen, wild goose, 
white plover, Califonia cuckoo. 
(Continued from page 19) 
dian autliors were familiar. The greater 
number are, as might be expected, but 
rude representations and in many in¬ 
stances it has been found to be impos¬ 
sible to identifv with anv degre'e of cer- 
tainty the particular animal which our 
i ed predecessors intended to thus picture 
on the soil. In other cases, however, 
where they have been more carefully 
constructed and well preserved, the ex¬ 
perienced investigator seldom finds any 
great difficulty in establishing their 
identity. On the whole they show that 
their builders possessed not only the 
ability to construct animal figures with 
the rmie implements at their command 
but an iniimate knowledge of the habits 
cl* the animals as well. Their erection 
must have required a very considerable 
amount of time and hard labor. The 
building o p the large number now known 
probably extended through several cen- 
t urics. 
Among the animals thus portrayed 
there have been identified the hear, deer, 
pain her. heaver, wild cat, fox or wolf, 
mink, squirrel and other native 
mammals, birds of several species and 
the snake, turtle and other reptiles. The 
mammals are generally shown in profile 
ami ihe others flat. Different effigies 
wiry in length firm less than fifty to 
seven hundred or more feet and in 
height from a foot to six feet or more. 
Effigy mounds occur in various situ 
ations. Some are found on the prairie 
lands, others on hillsides and on the. 
the ('rests of steep bluffs. In some 
mound groups the; effigy mounds are ail 
of the same character while in others a 
number of different animal shapes are 
found. Certain types of effigies appear 
to he restricted in their distribution toj 
certain sections of the state while others 
are found in widely separated localities. 
Thus in the Lake Michigan shore region 
about tlie present city of Milwaukee the 
predominant effigy type was that of the 
panther. In the Bock River valley effi 
gies of the turtle were the most numer¬ 
ous, and in the region of the Four Lakes 
about Madison bear effigies are the most 
common. The range of some other 
classes of* animal-shaped mounds is now 
receiving the attention of "Wisconsin in¬ 
vestigators. 
Tt is with the bird-shaped mounds of 
our state that this short article has to 
do. Mounds of this character are found 
in numerous places in the state. Among 
the many localities in which bird effigies 
may still be seen are the vicinity of Mad¬ 
ison; about Lake Koshkonong; near Big 
Bend in the valley of the Pishtaka 
(Fox) River; on the eastern shore of 
Lake Winnebago, near Muscoda, Port 
Andrew and other places in the lower 
AViseonsin River valley; at Devil’s Lake 
and several other points in eastern Sauk 
county; near Mayville and TIoricon, and 
in the Kiekapoo A r alley. An examina- 
