ORCHARD PLANT LICE AND THEIR REMEDIES 
7 
bacco. Fruit men, however, have not reported very uniform results from 
their own preparations. This may be due to adulterations in the tobacco 
or from different methods of preparing the decoction. For the preparation 
of tobacco decoctions see under Preparation of Insecticides, below. 
It might be advisable for one who has very much spraying to do to grow 
his own tobacco. Mr. W. S. Coburn, President of the Colorado State 
Board of Horticulture, tells us that he has had excellent success using 
tobacco of his own raising. He uses the whole leaf and makes a decoction 
using one pound of tobacco for each six gallons of water. The tobacco is 
steeped for at least one hour, and then applied warm. 
Lime-Sulfur Sprays —The lime-sulfur sprays have not been suc¬ 
cessful in destroying the woolly aphis during the summer season when 
the body is covered with the woolly secretion. It has been fairly successful 
when applied two or three weeks before the buds open for the destruction 
of the little lice that live over winter upon the trees and which do not have 
their bodies protected by the secretion. 
late: winte:r or e:arly spring applications 
So far, the remedies mentioned have been for summer treatments, when 
the bodies of the lice are more or less covered with the waxy secretion. 
We believe the best time to get results in the treatment of this louse is late 
in the winter or early in spring before the buds open. This is not because 
the lice get protection from the opening buds, but because by the time 
the buds have opened, the lice have their bodies more or less covered by 
the waxy secretions that protect them to some extent from the effects of 
the insecticides. 
Orchards in the Grand Valley treated early in the spring of 1907 for the 
destruction of the eggs of the green apple aphis were also largely freed from 
the woolly aphis. The insecticides that were found successful in the des¬ 
truction of these little over-winter lice were: 
Lime IS pounds, sulfur 15 pounds, water 30 gallons. 
Lime 15 pounds, sulfur 15 pounds, water 45 gallons. 
Rex lime-sulfur i gal., water 7 gal., lump lime 2 lbs. 
Lime 15 pounds, sulfur 15 pounds and water 60 gallons was a little 
weak and did not give results that were fully satisfactory, and the same 
was true of Rex i gallon, water 7 gallons, without the addition of lime. 
We have no doubt but what the kerosene emulsion, the soluble oil 
sprays, the tobacco sprays and the whale-oil soaps mentioned above could 
also be used successfully as early spring sprays for the destruction of the 
over-winter lice upon the tree tops, though we have not tested them in 
that way. As they are not as successful for the destruction of the eggs of 
the green apple aphis, and as the orchardist is likely to want to destroy 
both of these lice at the same time if possible, it is probable that the lime- 
sulfur sprays^will become most popular for early spring applications. 
To get best results on the woolly aphis the spring application should be 
made fully a week or ten days before the apple buds begin to open at all, 
and the trunk and crown of the tree should be thoroughly drenched. Then 
as a final act for best results, put Tanglefoot bands about the trunks of the 
