SOME ANIMAL DISEASES 
II 
five percent. The greatest loss is as follows: In dairy cows the 
owners suffer the loss of milk from four to six weeks. Cattle lose 
flesh, due to high fever, and inability to eat, due to the fact that the 
sores and vesicles (water sacs) in the mouth make it impossible for 
them to eat. Owners can not dispose of the sick animals. 
After the animal has been exposed to the disease for about one 
week it will be taken by a chill which is followed by fever. In about 
two or three days small vesicles (water sacs) will be noticed in the 
mouth, on the borders of the lips and tongue. These vesicles contain 
a yellowish thin fluid. The redness about the feet which is followed 
by the formation of vesicles like those in the mouth takes place soon 
after the formation of those in the mouth. Thick saliva dribbles iu 
rope-like strings from the mouth. 
Animals which have recovered from the acute attack are found to 
be seriously injured. Many of them v/ill lose the hoofs from their 
feet. Others' are chronically lame. Abscesses may form in the 
udders of cows giving milk. Pregnant cows may abort. Many are 
so injured constitutionally that they become emanciated and of no 
value. 
In conclusion we may consider i:hat while the loss from death due 
to the acute attack is perhaps only five per cent, the total loss in death, 
loss in milk, loss to fattening cattle, etc., will amount to perhaps close 
to fifty percent. 
The only thing is to keep the disease out of the United States. 
Prompt action by the Federal Authorities who control interstate com¬ 
merce, destruction of the animals, thorough disinfection, and strict 
quarantine are the only sane measures. 
Hog Cholera. 
By Dr. B. F. Kaupp. 
The losses from hog cholera in the various states amounts to 
many millions of dollars annually. The spread of contagious diseases 
through the central stock yards and by cars and boats not disinfected, 
a condition which existed prior to the establishment of inspection by 
the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry, resulted in the contagious 
diseases existing in this country, (among them hog cholera) becoming 
wide spread. 
The real germ of hog cholera is a microscopic organism which 
passes through the finest of filters, a germ which has not been dis¬ 
covered. We either have not discovered a suitable staining fluid or 
our microscopes are not powerful enough to see it. This filtrate from 
which all other germs have been taken out produces the disease. 
The Bacillus Cholerae Suis or the secondary invader producing 
this disease collect in the capillaries of minute blood vessels and these 
ruDture, cause a small red or hemorrhagic spot. Upon examination 
after death these small hemorrhages are found in the kidneys, over 
the outer surface of the bowels and inner surface of the abdomen and 
thorax, etc. An observation of the skin shows red patches due to 
small hemorrhages into it. In young hogs the spleen (melt) is 
