Grape Growing. 15 
is to distribute bran-mash on the ground about the vines. This is prepared 
by mixing forty pounds of bran, one pound of white arsenic, one pint of 
molasses, and enough water to moisten the whole mixture. 
Diseases.—Of the diseases injurious to the vineyard, powdery mildew 
(U. Spirali) is no doubt the most dangerous. The fungus attacks the leaves, 
canes, and fruit; but it is on the fruit that it does serious damage. On the 
leaves it first appears as frosty patches and these later appear as bronzed 
areas on the upper surface. On the canes it appears very much the same. 
On the green fruit it appears as a velvety, white coating on the berries and 
stems. The fruit is checked in its growth, often cracks open, and is ruined 
for market. On the mature fruit it may only be detected by a slight bronz¬ 
ing of the surface of the white varieties. It softens the skin of the mature 
fruit and the berries are easily broken in the process of packing, thus giving 
entrance to other moulds. 
This disease may be checked by dusting the vines with dry sulphur or 
spraying with either the Rex lime-sulphur or home-prepared lime-sulphur 
washes. To be effective, sulphur must be used during the warm weather. 
It is best applied with some sort of a blower or bellows, but may be sifted 
from a cheesecloth bag. In applying it in this crude way care must be 
taken to not get it too thick, as it will burn the foliage where it collects in 
the hollows of the leaves. The liquid lime-sulphur sprays are applied with 
any convenient sprayer. Commercial Rex lime-sulphur is used in strengths 
Figr. 7 Figr. 8 
Full packed basket Black knot of grape 
varying from one gallon to forty gallons of water to one gallon to sevnty- 
five gallons of water. The latter strength seems to give as good results as 
the stronger. Home-prepared lime-sulphur may be prepared by boiling 
three pounds of good lump-lime and three pounds of sulphur in a small 
quantity of water for forty-five minutes and diluting the whole to fifty gallons. 
Applications for mildew are seldom made before the fungus makes its 
appearance, but as soon as it does appear it is time for action. It is nice to 
have faith in ones country to think that cannon breezes will take care of 
grape mildew, and men have been known to make such a boast, but a light 
shower and a few warm days afterwards have often proved that such faith 
is unwarranted. Delays often mean serious loss and it is better to check 
an attack early rather than wait until the fruit is full grown. 
The mould that most commonly attacks the fruit in transit or where 
it lays on the ground in the vineyard, is the common fruit mould, (Mucor 
Stolonifer Ehreub). 
Crown gall probably destroys a few vines each year, but in many cases 
frost injury has probably been confused with this trouble. Crown gall is 
identified by a growth of gall either at the surface of below the surface of 
the ground. The galls are as much an outgrowth of the wood as of the 
bark There is no remedy, and affected vines should be removed. Frost 
injury is readily distinguished from crown gall in that the wart-like growth 
