16 The Colorado Experiment Station. 
is an outgrowth of the bark alone. The nature of the growth would sug¬ 
gest that the cambium layer has become active during the warm days of 
early spring and was later injured by severe freezing. The freezing has 
apparently caused a separation of the wood and bark and the callus is tissue 
laid down by the bark in an attempt to heal the wound. The nature of the 
growth is well illustrated in Fig. 8.. Canes severely injured seldom start any 
strong growth from above the injury. 
Cost of Growing and Returns.—Few growers are able to give accurate 
data as to the cost of growing and marketing grapes. The following esti¬ 
mate of the cost of growing vinifera grapes is furnished by one of the most 
careful and one of the most successful growers in western Colorado. This 
does not include the expense of picking and packing, at least five cents per 
crate, and the cost of the crate and baskets, fifteen cents. The vineyard 
should be in full bearing in its fourth season. This estimate is probably 
the maximum in both expense and production: 
ESTIMATE. 
First Year, Expense— 
680 Vines, 8 feet apart, at 2 cents..$13.60 
Plowing and leveling . 3.00 
Planting, 2 days at $2.50 per day. 5.00 
Cultivating, 4 times at $1.50. 6.00 
Irrigating, 4 times at $2.00... 8.00 
Pruning and covering, 2 days at $2.50. 5.00 
$40.60 
Second Year, Expense— 
Uncovering, 1 day...$ 2.50 
Four irrigations, at $2.00 each. 8.00 
Four cultivations, at $1.50 each. 6.00 
Pruning and covering, 2 days at $2.50 per day. 5.00 
$21.50 
Early bearing varieties will produce per¬ 
haps 50 crates at $1.00 per crate, $50.00. 
Third Year, Expense— 
Uncovering, 2 days at 2.50 per day. . . 
Pour irrigations, at $2.00 each. 
Three cultivations, at $1.50 each.... 
Pruning and covering, 3 days at $2.5 0 
5.00 
8.00 
4.50 
7.50 
Will yield about 300 crates at $1.00, $300. 
$25.00 
Fourth Year, Expense— 
Uncovering, 2 days at $2.50 per day. . 
Four irrigations, at $2.50 each. 
Two cultivations, at $1.50 each. 
Pruning and covering, 4 days at $2.50 
$ 5.00 
8.00 
3.00 
10.00 
Will yield about 680 crates at $1.00 per crate, $680. 
$26.00 
Returns from the vineyard will vary according to the care it receives 
The vmifera vineyard, m good bearing, should produce about a crate of fruit 
to the vine, or close to seven hundred crates per acre. The average price 
received for these grapes is probably seventy-five cents per crate f o b 
Native grapes should produce close to 2,500 baskets per acre if the vines 
are properly cared for. The average price which the grower receives ner 
basket will possibly be close to twenty-five cents. ^ 
