lO 
COLORADO EXPERIMENT STATION 
barley. The grain should be fed dry and not mixed with the milk. 
Calves need plenty of water. 
Handling the Cow’s Products. 
It will pay to separate the cream from the warm, freshly drawn 
milk with a hand separator. Cleanliness and cold are the necessary 
means to keep cream sweet. All utensils touched by the milk should 
be washed clean and scalded. No dust or dirt should be allowed to 
fall into the milk, as they contain the germs which cause souring. 
The cow should be milked in a clean place, and her udder and flanks 
should be clean. Ordinarily cream will keep longer when a covered 
pail is used in milking. To keep the cream cool, it should be kept 
either in a pail hung just above the water in a well or else the pail 
should be covered with a cloth kept wet by having one end dipping 
into water. Water will rise through the cloth, and constant evapora¬ 
tion will keep the cream cool. The cream should be sold to a 
creamery. 
In May, 1908, the farmers at a point 90 miles from Denver, re¬ 
ceived nineteen cents a pound for butter fat, while farmers at a point 
50 miles more distant received thirty-one cents a pound. The farm¬ 
ers receiving the lower price took the offer made by one firm and did 
not ask for competitive bids. The farmers receiving the higher price 
secured prices from four competing buyers. Denver, Colorado 
Springs, and Pueblo are good cream markets, and the producer should 
search for the responsible buyer who will pay highest. 
Twenty dry land farmers around Elizabeth, Elbert county, made 
an average of $50 per cow per year feeding no grain, but with alfalfa 
hay. Burke Potter, on a 320-acre dry land farm, at Peyton, received 
$1,550 in one year for the cream from sixteen cows and six two-year 
old heifers, and sold veal calves for $50. He has well-bred Holsteins. 
He paid $300 for bran, and grew all the rest of his feed. With well 
selected range cows, properly fed and handled, the dry land farmer 
should average from the sale of cream from $30 to $50 per cow per 
year. 
poultry on dry land farms. 
The expert Colorado poultryman who thoroughly understands his 
business and gives strict attention, obtains an average of $2 per hen 
per year above cost of feed. Every dry land farmer should keep from 
100 to 400 laying hens. He will not be able to get as much from 
them, but his expenses will be less, as a large part of their feed with¬ 
out them would be waste. The hens should be cared for by the 
farmer, and not by his over-worked wife. They should be fed and 
cared for three times a day, comfortably sheltered, kept free from 
vermin and the houses cleaned daily. If the dry land farmer will 
make a business of poultry, they can be made to bring him several 
hundred dollars each year. Cash, whether there is a drought or not. 
