14 
W. L. WILLIAMS. 
The universities finding that this loose union brought no 
serious disasters upon them, their next step was to officially and 
definitely recognize our science as a profession in the sense in 
which we have defined it, and created or adopted existing vet¬ 
erinary schools as colleges, and made them a living, vital part 
of their organization. Our alma mater was among the 
earliest, with the veterinary departments of Harvard and 
University of Pennsylvania, followed later by Cornell and 
New York. 
More material recognition followed or even preceded. Our 
alma mater received financial encouragement from the Prov¬ 
ince of Quebec before becoming amalgamated with McGill 
University. Pennsylvania was aided by the state and through 
the liberality of friends and other colleges received material 
aid. If anything, perhaps still more praiseworthy aid to vet¬ 
erinary education was at times extended by the proprietors of 
private colleges by giving freely from moneys earned in other 
ways to the support of their cherished institutions, and giving, 
still more, their time and work, from which no financial reward 
could be logically expected. 
The States of Iowa and Ohio early recognized the veterinary 
profession by organizing in connection with their state educa¬ 
tional institutions veterinary colleges, and even these had been 
anticipated by Cornell University, which had granted a limited 
number of veterinary degrees and had recognized the dignity 
of the profession by placing one of her veterinary graduates 
upon the board of trustees. 
Finally, the State of New York recognized more broadly 
than all predecessors the dignity and value of our profession by 
founding, equipping and maintaining at Cornell University a 
veterinary college, free to residents of the State of New York. 
Veterinary education has passed forever from the realm of 
commercialism and cannot now be conducted in harmony with 
the needs of civilization except by the philanthropy of men of 
wealth or through state support. 
The laboratory is replacing the lecture room : some other than 
