104 
J. W. CONNAWAY. 
accident, having been horned into the manger, probably by a 
Texan cow that was kept in the same pen. No. 2 and No. 3 
improved during the winter, and were put on grass in the spring 
in fair condition. 
In July, 1898, both were reinfested with Texan ticks. These 
matured, and the steers became grossly reinfested from the pas¬ 
tures. Neither of these animals showed any signs of sickness 
during the season. They were never “ off feed ” and were in 
good condition at the beginning of winter. These two steers 
were shipped with others to the Texas Experiment Station on 
December 28, 1898, and have been on infected grounds since 
January 1st, 1899. No signs of fever have appeared. The 
temperature records and tests of the blood by means of the 
haematokrit show that these steers were fully immunized by the 
tick infestation at the North. 
No. 5, “ Durham,” shorthorn steer, 14 months old. This 
steer was used as a check on seven head of double dipped 
Texan cattle. He was exposed from July 19th to October 27th, 
1897, and during this time was observed almost daily for ticks. 
The dipping proved to be so nearly perfect that during the 
summer and fall only five ticks were found on this animal, and 
but ten ticks on the seven head of Texan steers, from infection 
of the pasture. No doubt many ticks escaped observation, but 
it is safe to say that during the entire season not more than 25 
or 50 ticks infested this steer. This very mild natural infesta¬ 
tion gave rise to no serious symptoms, and the animal remained 
in good condition. This steer was reinfested the following 
year to determine whether so mild an infestation had made the 
steer immune. On July 21st, 1898, several hundred Texas ticks 
were applied to this animal, and later in the season he became 
grossly infested from the pasture. Ripe ticks were found 23 
days after infestation. The animal showed a few high tem¬ 
peratures and some depression on hot afternoons in July and 
August, but no serious illness occurred. The steer did well 
through September. In October he fell off some on account of 
short pasturage, and gross tick infestation. At the close of the 
