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DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. 
able horses that plunge into fences, vehicles and pointed objects 
which penetrate the cavity, inflicting wounds complicated by 
visceral injury; punctures resulting from broken ribs which 
often follows falls, kicks and other forcible blows ; horses gored 
by cattle in pastures, barnyards and stables used in common, 
and gunshot wounds in which the abdominal cavity has been 
entered. 
(£) Abscesses resulting from traumatism and those which 
follow u tapping ” (paracentesis) of the abdominal cavity or 
punctures of any kind which have not been properly treated. 
(c) Strangulated hernise, and hernise containing a loop of 
intestine (enterocele) ; castration of ridgeling (cryptorchids) ; 
spaying of mares (ovariotomy), and the removal of a foetus 
which cannot be delivered otherwise (Caesarean section). 
2. Indications for abdominal surgery in which the condi¬ 
tion requiring surgical attention cannot be ascertained without 
exploring the abdominal cavity ; under this classification the 
following conditions may be mentioned : 
(a) Extra-uterine pregnancy (celiocyesis) ; tumors in the 
abdomen (celioncus), or in the intestines (enteroncus). 
(b) Rupture of intestines (enterorrhesis); suppuration in 
the abdominal cavity (celiophyosis); toxemia from contents of 
intestinal tract (enterosepsis), and dropsy of the peritoneum 
(ascites). 
(c) Volvulus, intussusception or invagination ; occlusion by 
accumulation of faecal matter in the intestines (coprostasis), and 
strictures of the intestines (enterostenosis). 
(d) Pain in the abdomen (celialgia), or in the intestines 
(enteralgia) ; disease of intestines (enterosis) ; floating kidney 
(nephroptosis) ; foreign bodies, calculi and concretions in the 
intestines, and strangulated herniae. 
In ruminants , the indications for abdominal surgery are 
more common and the results following such operations are 
more favorable than in the horse, and no veterinarian should 
hesitate to undertake such operations as laparotomy or celiotomy 
when the opportunity presents itself, for the effects resulting 
from such operations are usually flattering. The conditions 
which require surgical attention in the ox may be classified as 
in the horse. 
i. Conditions which can be determined without exploration, 
may be considered as follows: 
( a ) Accidental wounds, punctures and gunshot wounds 
which penetrate the abdomen. 
