212 
DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. 
(a) Punctures resulting from chases through clearings, 
thickets or coppice ; wounds inflicted by teeth of other carni¬ 
vora ; dogs gored by cattle, and gunshot wounds. 
(b) Foreign bodies that are known to have been swallowed, 
and not passed with the faeces or vomited ; these may be mar¬ 
bles, pebbles, coins, balls, nails, corks, sticks or anything with 
which the animal is in the habit of playing. 
(V) Herniae in which the radical operation is indicated, and 
those which cannot be reduced without surgical interference; 
spaying of bitches, and the removal of the foetus when it can¬ 
not be accomplished otherwise. 
2. Indications or conditions revealed by laparotomy. 
{a) Celioncus, enteroncus, nephroncus, and celioclyesis. 
(£) Enterorrhesis, celiophyosis, and enterosepsis. 
(c) Coprostasis, enterostenosis, and occlusions caused by 
foreign bodies, invagination, volvulus, or strangulated hernias. 
(d) Celialgia, enteralgia, enterosis and nephroptosis. 
Before “ taking up ” the surgical diseases of the abdomen, 
stomach and intestine, we shall consider the sutures commonly 
employed in abdominal and intestinal surgery, which will be 
followed by a description of each of these operations with spe¬ 
cial attention given to those commonly indicated in veterinary 
practice. 
INTESTINAL SUTURES. 
Here and there the veterinarian finds it necessary to perform 
intestinal operations, and should as a consequence be familiar 
with the technique of intestinal anastomosis. In the larger do¬ 
mestic animals such capital procedures can rarely be carried to 
a satisfactory termination, but in the smaller ones—the canine, 
feline and porcine species—they are attemptable. 
The methods of effectually re-establishing permanent con¬ 
tinuity in the intestines are numerous. Each prominent sur¬ 
geon adheres more or less to a certain one of these methods, 
which vary only in details. The Murphy button, the decalci¬ 
fied bone button and the sutures all serve the same general pur¬ 
pose of bringing the peritoneal coats of each end together, in 
perfect contact, while the cut edges are kept in the lumen of 
the intestine. The edges may then slough off and pass down 
and out with the contents of the bowels, while the serous coat, 
noted for its rapid proliferation, soon safely unites. The button 
method is no longer considered indispensable, since it has been 
shown that end-to-end unions and anastomoses can be safely ac¬ 
complished without them. 
