356 
CHARLES HENRY JEWELL. 
its body is short and divides anteriorly into two cornn or 
horns. In the mare these pass outwards at right angles tow 7 ard 
the flank, and in the cow forward, downwards and backwards. 
In both they are connected to the ovary by the utero-ovarian 
ligament and communicate with the ovary by the fallopian 
tubes and fimbria. The uterus and cornua give attachment to 
the broad ligaments, which are folds of the peritoneum, origi¬ 
nating from the lumbar region and descending toward the 
uterus to fix themselves upon the sides of the superior face of 
the body and cornua in the mare and to the sides of the inferior 
face in the cow. 
The anterior borders of the ligaments are free and give sup¬ 
port to the oviducts and ovaries. Between its layers are the 
utero-ovarian artery and vein, lymph-vessels and nerves, which 
pass to and from the ovary. The ovaries, two small ovoid 
bodies, are situated on the superior internal face of the broad 
ligament in the mare, and the inferior internal face in the cow. 
The round ligament, which often aids in locating the ovary, 
springs from the inguinal canal and passes to the cornu, attach¬ 
ing itself near the extremity. This is round, hard and fibrous, 
corresponding to the gubernaculum testis of the male. In the 
smaller animals the vagina is of no special importance to the 
operation, only aiding in locating the cornua. The cornua in 
the bitch and cat are long, slender and straight, extending from 
the anterior entrance of the pelvis along the sub-lumbar region 
to which they are suspended by the broad ligaments. In the 
pig the uterine cornua are long and tortuous, extending from 
the anterior entrance of the pelvic cavity a short distance for¬ 
ward, and are suspended from the sub-lumbar region by the 
broad ligament. They float among and resemble the small in¬ 
testines. 
Modes of Operating .—In the cow and mare spaying is done 
almost exclusively through the vagina. Young heifers would 
necessarily have to be spayed by the flank method owing to 
the small size of the vagina. Bitches, cats and pigs should be 
operated on through the flank or median line; the danger of 
