358 
CHARLES HENRY JEWELL. 
same with some reliable agent. The vagina should be washed 
out thoroughly with boiled normal salt solution (.6 per cent.), 
cooled to a temperature of ioo°F. The smaller animals are 
prepared by thoroughly washing the operating field, which is 
the flank or median line directly in front of the pubis ; this 
done the part is shaved and disinfected. 
Precautions of the Operator in Regard to the A rms , Hands 
and Clothing .—The hands of the operator should be scrupu¬ 
lously clean, finger nails short and arms thoroughly disinfected. 
Too much stress can not be laid on strict asepsis in all opera¬ 
tions pertaining to the abdominal cavity, for on this depends 
the results. The operator’s suit should be of some light easily 
washed material and strictly clean. 
The Operation in the Cow .—First introduce the right hand 
carrying the knife, then with the ‘left introduce the vaginal 
dilator, placing the small anterior projection into the os, press 
downwards and forward until the walls of the vagina are tense, 
then with the right hand locate the cervix. Choose a place 
about two inches back and above in the median line, then 
expose the knife, place the edge upward, and make a drawing 
cut about two inches in length and deep enough to pass entirely 
through the vaginal walls, remove the knife and dilator, pass 
the hand into the vagina, locate the incision and insert one or 
more fingers, locate the body and cornua, follow the latter to 
their extremities, and, coming to the broad ligaments, to which 
hanging freely we find the ovaries—two small, hard ovoid bodies 
about three-fourths to one and a quarter inches in length by 
one-half to three-fourths inches in diameter. The ovaries lie 
near the median line just in front of the brim of the pubis 
and a little below. Having secured the ovary draw it out 
through the incision into the vagina, then with the other hand 
introduce the curved scissors and clip off the organ, making 
sure to remove all the glandular structure. It is preferable to 
use the right hand for the left ovary and vice versa . 
The Operation in the Mare .—In the mare the operator intro¬ 
duces the right hand into the vagina, determines the cervix 
